Peak Level and Serum Concentrations Quiz

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When collecting blood culture samples with a butterfly, which sample is aerobic and which is anaerobic?

Both samples are anaerobic
The first sample is anaerobic, the second is aerobic
No specific order for butterfly collections
The first sample is aerobic, the second is anaerobic (correct)

What is the purpose of a blood culture?

To detect the presence of microorganisms in the blood (correct)
To determine the blood type
To assess red blood cell count
To measure blood sugar levels

What issue can arise from arthritis in geriatric patients?

Difficulty hearing sounds clearly
Difficulty with balance
Difficulty with eye coordination
Difficulty straightening arm or fingers (correct)

What is a common risk factor for geriatric patients on anticoagulant therapy?

Increased risk of hematoma (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) used for?

To adjust drug dosing (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why are aminoglycoside antibiotics like gentamicin and tobramycin carefully monitored?

Because they have short half-lives (C) Signup and view all the answers

When is the peak level usually collected in therapeutic drug monitoring?

30 minutes after the dose is administered (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the requisition specify in therapeutic drug monitoring?

The actual collection time (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to maintain constant therapeutic plasma drug levels?

To prevent toxicity and maintain effectiveness (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why do patients differ greatly in how they metabolize medications?

Because of differences in metabolism rate (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended technique to locate veins for venipuncture in geriatric patients?

Gently massage the area to warm it up (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the antecubital fossa not always the best site for venipuncture?

It has more fragile veins in geriatric patients (D) Signup and view all the answers

What should be done after locating the appropriate vein for venipuncture?

Ensure the area is sufficiently cleaned (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it advised to use a smaller needle or butterfly in geriatric patients?

To cause less pain (C) Signup and view all the answers

What should be done after completing a venipuncture in geriatric patients?

Apply pressure longer to ensure bleeding has stopped (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why do patients with certain conditions require regular blood testing over an extended period?

To keep track of their health status (B) Signup and view all the answers

What can happen to commonly used sites for blood draws in patients needing regular blood testing over extended periods?

Veins become hardened and difficult to penetrate (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why might the skin of patients requiring frequent blood draws become delicate and easily torn?

Because of trauma from frequent needle puncture (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of collecting blood culture samples with a butterfly?

Aerobic first, then anaerobic (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why should you add a short blood sample to the aerobic bottle?

Because most significant pathogens are aerobes (A) Signup and view all the answers

How should you prepare the site for obtaining a valid blood culture specimen?

Scrub vigorously with alcohol in a circular motion (C) Signup and view all the answers

What should be done after cleaning the site for a blood culture?

Allow the site to dry for 1 minute (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why should you avoid touching the site after it has been cleaned?

To prevent contamination from skin bacteria (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it recommended to use a butterfly for blood sample collection?

To reduce clotting risk (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of culturing the blood specimen onto appropriate media?

To identify pathogens present (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the peak level in therapeutic drug monitoring typically drawn a few hours after administering the drug?

To calculate how much drug was actually absorbed (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for promptly obtaining therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) results?

To determine the timing and dosage of the drug (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of insulin in controlling glucose levels in patients with dysfunctional glucose metabolism?

It helps glucose enter cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why are most therapeutic drug monitoring samples collected in a red top tube?

To prevent interference from gel in serum separator tubes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when cells do not respond to insulin in patients with dysfunctional glucose metabolism?

Diabetes may occur (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is careful attention to timing and labeling important in therapeutic drug monitoring?

To ensure accurate dosage determination (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key determinant of when the peak level occurs after administering a drug?

Characteristics of the drug (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is timely collection of TDM results crucial for pharmacy decisions?

To adjust drug timing and dosages (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why do veins become harder to anchor in geriatric patients?

Due to a reduction in elasticity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What may lead to the narrowing of vessels in geriatric patients?

Atherosclerosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why do arteries tend to be closer to the surface in geriatric patients?

Loss of muscle tissue (A) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does visual impairment have on geriatric patients during blood draws?

Impairs compliance with requests (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important not to mistake an artery near the surface for a vein in geriatric patients?

Arteries can be pulsing (B) Signup and view all the answers

How should healthcare professionals begin speaking with geriatric patients during encounters?

Speaking slowly and deliberately (C) Signup and view all the answers

What issue may arise if the skin is not held taut during venipuncture in geriatric patients?

Veins moving from their locations (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the thickness of the skin impact the visibility of veins in geriatric patients?

Thinner skin makes veins less visible (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended way to prepare the arm before finding a vein for venipuncture?

Massage the area gently for several minutes (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why may a smaller needle or butterfly be recommended for geriatric patients during venipuncture?

To avoid rolling of fragile veins (B) Signup and view all the answers

What should you avoid doing when trying to locate a vein for venipuncture?

Probing the skin (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why may patients requiring extended blood draws experience difficulty with commonly used sites?

Because of frequent needle punctures causing damage (A) Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if a patient's skin from frequent needle punctures becomes delicate and easily torn?

The patient may develop scars (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to apply pressure longer after completing a venipuncture in geriatric patients?

To stop excessive bleeding (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk associated with hardening of veins in patients needing regular blood draws over extended periods?

Veins becoming difficult to penetrate with needles (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why should you not "slap" the arm to find a vein for venipuncture?

To prevent unnecessary discomfort to the patient (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is septicemia?

A lifethreatening infection caused by rapid multiplication of pathogens in the bloodstream (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to collect a blood culture before administering antimicrobial therapy?

To decrease false negatives due to low organism numbers (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of bacteremia?

The presence of bacteria in the blood (C) Signup and view all the answers