Peak Level and Serum Concentrations Quiz
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Questions and Answers

When collecting blood culture samples with a butterfly, which sample is aerobic and which is anaerobic?

  • Both samples are anaerobic
  • The first sample is anaerobic, the second is aerobic
  • No specific order for butterfly collections
  • The first sample is aerobic, the second is anaerobic (correct)
  • What is the purpose of a blood culture?

  • To detect the presence of microorganisms in the blood (correct)
  • To determine the blood type
  • To assess red blood cell count
  • To measure blood sugar levels
  • What issue can arise from arthritis in geriatric patients?

  • Difficulty hearing sounds clearly
  • Difficulty with balance
  • Difficulty with eye coordination
  • Difficulty straightening arm or fingers (correct)
  • What is a common risk factor for geriatric patients on anticoagulant therapy?

    <p>Increased risk of hematoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) used for?

    <p>To adjust drug dosing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are aminoglycoside antibiotics like gentamicin and tobramycin carefully monitored?

    <p>Because they have short half-lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the peak level usually collected in therapeutic drug monitoring?

    <p>30 minutes after the dose is administered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the requisition specify in therapeutic drug monitoring?

    <p>The actual collection time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to maintain constant therapeutic plasma drug levels?

    <p>To prevent toxicity and maintain effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do patients differ greatly in how they metabolize medications?

    <p>Because of differences in metabolism rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended technique to locate veins for venipuncture in geriatric patients?

    <p>Gently massage the area to warm it up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the antecubital fossa not always the best site for venipuncture?

    <p>It has more fragile veins in geriatric patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done after locating the appropriate vein for venipuncture?

    <p>Ensure the area is sufficiently cleaned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it advised to use a smaller needle or butterfly in geriatric patients?

    <p>To cause less pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done after completing a venipuncture in geriatric patients?

    <p>Apply pressure longer to ensure bleeding has stopped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do patients with certain conditions require regular blood testing over an extended period?

    <p>To keep track of their health status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen to commonly used sites for blood draws in patients needing regular blood testing over extended periods?

    <p>Veins become hardened and difficult to penetrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might the skin of patients requiring frequent blood draws become delicate and easily torn?

    <p>Because of trauma from frequent needle puncture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of collecting blood culture samples with a butterfly?

    <p>Aerobic first, then anaerobic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should you add a short blood sample to the aerobic bottle?

    <p>Because most significant pathogens are aerobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should you prepare the site for obtaining a valid blood culture specimen?

    <p>Scrub vigorously with alcohol in a circular motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done after cleaning the site for a blood culture?

    <p>Allow the site to dry for 1 minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should you avoid touching the site after it has been cleaned?

    <p>To prevent contamination from skin bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it recommended to use a butterfly for blood sample collection?

    <p>To reduce clotting risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of culturing the blood specimen onto appropriate media?

    <p>To identify pathogens present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the peak level in therapeutic drug monitoring typically drawn a few hours after administering the drug?

    <p>To calculate how much drug was actually absorbed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for promptly obtaining therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) results?

    <p>To determine the timing and dosage of the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of insulin in controlling glucose levels in patients with dysfunctional glucose metabolism?

    <p>It helps glucose enter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are most therapeutic drug monitoring samples collected in a red top tube?

    <p>To prevent interference from gel in serum separator tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when cells do not respond to insulin in patients with dysfunctional glucose metabolism?

    <p>Diabetes may occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is careful attention to timing and labeling important in therapeutic drug monitoring?

    <p>To ensure accurate dosage determination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key determinant of when the peak level occurs after administering a drug?

    <p>Characteristics of the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is timely collection of TDM results crucial for pharmacy decisions?

    <p>To adjust drug timing and dosages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do veins become harder to anchor in geriatric patients?

    <p>Due to a reduction in elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may lead to the narrowing of vessels in geriatric patients?

    <p>Atherosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do arteries tend to be closer to the surface in geriatric patients?

    <p>Loss of muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does visual impairment have on geriatric patients during blood draws?

    <p>Impairs compliance with requests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important not to mistake an artery near the surface for a vein in geriatric patients?

    <p>Arteries can be pulsing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should healthcare professionals begin speaking with geriatric patients during encounters?

    <p>Speaking slowly and deliberately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue may arise if the skin is not held taut during venipuncture in geriatric patients?

    <p>Veins moving from their locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the thickness of the skin impact the visibility of veins in geriatric patients?

    <p>Thinner skin makes veins less visible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended way to prepare the arm before finding a vein for venipuncture?

    <p>Massage the area gently for several minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why may a smaller needle or butterfly be recommended for geriatric patients during venipuncture?

    <p>To avoid rolling of fragile veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you avoid doing when trying to locate a vein for venipuncture?

    <p>Probing the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why may patients requiring extended blood draws experience difficulty with commonly used sites?

    <p>Because of frequent needle punctures causing damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if a patient's skin from frequent needle punctures becomes delicate and easily torn?

    <p>The patient may develop scars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to apply pressure longer after completing a venipuncture in geriatric patients?

    <p>To stop excessive bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk associated with hardening of veins in patients needing regular blood draws over extended periods?

    <p>Veins becoming difficult to penetrate with needles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should you not "slap" the arm to find a vein for venipuncture?

    <p>To prevent unnecessary discomfort to the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is septicemia?

    <p>A lifethreatening infection caused by rapid multiplication of pathogens in the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary to collect a blood culture before administering antimicrobial therapy?

    <p>To decrease false negatives due to low organism numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of bacteremia?

    <p>The presence of bacteria in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

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