Peace Journalism Concepts and Conflict Types

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the main duties of peace journalism?

  • To sensationalize conflict stories
  • To ignore the human aspect of conflicts
  • To present a biased view of conflicts
  • To report on both peace efforts and war (correct)

Which is NOT listed as a role that media can play in reporting violence constructively?

  • Counteracting misperceptions
  • Analysing conflict
  • Creating propaganda for one side (correct)
  • Channelling communication between parties

Which criticism points to the potential conflict between peace journalism and traditional journalistic principles?

  • Peace journalism is based on accurate representation
  • Peace journalism upholds objectivity
  • Peace journalism supports economic viability of media
  • Peace journalism encourages bias (correct)

In conflict analysis, what two essential elements are analyzed?

<p>Causes and dynamics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does peace journalism aim to balance in its reporting?

<p>Conflict and peace (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which risk does peace journalism disregard according to its critics?

<p>Media's economic existence due to audience preference (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to conflict analysis, what is an important aspect to investigate?

<p>Interests underlying the issues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a misconception about the media's role in peace journalism according to critics?

<p>It underestimates the media's power (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes propaganda in the context of peace journalism?

<p>A biased approach aimed at influencing public opinion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant impact of globalization on conflicts as discussed in peace journalism?

<p>It enhances the spread of conflict narratives worldwide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In conflict analysis, what key characteristic distinguishes genuine conflict from mere disagreements?

<p>At least two independent parties with incompatible goals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one criticism of peace journalism compared to traditional conflict-oriented journalism?

<p>It may overly simplify narratives and avoid challenging aspects of conflicts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does cultural perception contribute to conflict as identified in peace journalism?

<p>It can create friction by emphasizing differences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is NOT part of the definition of conflict?

<p>Immediate resolution of disputes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does media play in shaping perceptions of conflict according to the concepts of peace journalism?

<p>It often perpetuates existing narratives that can escalate conflicts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of conflict-oriented coverage in mainstream media?

<p>Sensationalism that may desensitize audiences to violence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of war journalism?

<p>Highlighting the visible effects of conflict (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does peace journalism differ in its truth-orientation compared to war journalism?

<p>It exposes untruths on all sides. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following practices is NOT part of good practices in peace journalism?

<p>Using emotive language for impact (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of peace journalism in relation to reporting on conflicts?

<p>Presenting solutions and peace initiatives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements reflects a critical perspective on peace journalism?

<p>It can oversimplify complex conflicts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In peace journalism, which approach is emphasized regarding public perception of conflict?

<p>Disaggregating the 'us' and 'them' narrative (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior is discouraged in peace journalism to avoid misrepresenting situations?

<p>Labeling groups with pejorative terms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about the effectiveness of peace journalism?

<p>It focuses too much on elite viewpoints. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Constructive Media Role in Violence Reporting

The role of media in reporting violence in a way that promotes understanding, peace, and resolution.

Conflict Analysis

Involves understanding the historical, social, and political factors that contribute to conflict. It helps journalists provide context and avoid biased reporting.

Peace Journalism

Journalism that focuses on promoting peace and understanding by reporting on conflict in a balanced, sensitive, and constructive way.

Recognizing Media Influence

Acknowledging the significant influence media has on public perception and understanding of conflict, and the potential for manipulation or propaganda.

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Reporting on Peace Efforts

Reporting on peace efforts and initiatives alongside the coverage of conflict. This highlights hope and possibilities for resolution.

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Humanizing the Conflict

Presenting the human side of conflict in a balanced, professional manner, focusing on the stories of people affected by violence.

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Duty to Report Fairly

Objectively and fairly reporting on all sides of a conflict, giving voice to different perspectives and ensuring balanced representation.

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Reporting on Background and Causes

Exploring the root causes and history of a conflict, including grievances and motivations.

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Conflict

A clash of opposing attitudes, desires, interests, ideas, behaviors, goals, and needs.

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Conflict (in a broader context)

A human interaction phenomenon present in workplaces, communities, and among nations.

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Conflict (according to Adler & Towne)

An expressed struggle between at least two independent parties who pursue incompatible goals, scarce rewards (resources), and interference from other parties in achieving their goals.

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Violence

A situation where participants use violence to achieve their goals or express their grievances.

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Peace

The absence of violence and a state of harmony and positive relationships between individuals, groups, and nations.

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Propaganda

The use of media to spread biased or inaccurate information to influence public opinion or create a false narrative about an event or group.

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Orientalism

A system of ideas and beliefs that presents a particular culture or group as superior or dominant over others, often used to justify colonialism or oppression.

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War journalism

Focuses on the visible impacts of conflict, often presenting a battlefield perspective.

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Propaganda-orientated journalism

Presenting information to support a specific side, often using propaganda techniques to promote their narrative.

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Truth-orientated journalism

Objectively reporting on all sides of a conflict, exposing untruths and promoting truth-seeking.

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People-orientated journalism

Prioritizes the voices of people affected by conflict and features individuals working towards peace.

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Victory-orientated journalism

Emphasizes the path towards victory, often promoting a 'us vs. them' narrative.

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Solution-orientated journalism

Highlights peace initiatives and solutions, promoting constructive dialogue and peaceful resolution.

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Neutral and non-judgemental language

Journalism that avoids biased language and labels, promoting understanding and avoiding demonization.

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Study Notes

Peace Journalism Concepts

  • Peace journalism is a socially responsible approach to news coverage of conflict, aiming to promote peacemaking, peacekeeping, and change attitudes toward war.

  • Key to peace journalism is understanding the various types of conflict, including those categorized by Oyeniyi (2011) in Africa: Elite conflicts, Factional Conflicts, Communal and mass conflicts, and Revolutionary Conflicts.

Conflict Types

  • Conflict is a human interaction where opposing parties have incompatible goals, scarce resources, and interference from each other.
  • Conflict can be overt (e.g., war) or covert (e.g., terrorism).
  • Conflict can be categorized as intra-personal, interpersonal, intergroup, international, regional, or global.

Levels of Conflict

  • Conflict occurs at different levels, including intra-personal, interpersonal, intergroup, international, and global.

Sources of Conflict

  • Conflict often arises from economic, cultural, political and social disruption.

Conflict Phases

  • Conflict progresses through phases, from latent (dormant) conflict to emergence, escalation (including a crisis) and potential stalemate.

Peace Journalism vs War Journalism

  • War Journalism focuses on reporting the conflict's visible effects.
  • War Journalism often presents a propaganda perspective.
  • War Journalism portrays victory as the goal.
  • Peace Journalism explores conflict formation and aims to prevent conflicts.
  • Peace Journalism prioritises a focus on the diverse experiences of individuals and groups.
  • Peace Journalism emphasizes solutions and peace initiatives.

Duties of Peace Journalists

  • Peace journalists must understand conflict.
  • Peace journalists need to report with accuracy.
  • Peace journalist need to report the human side of a conflict.
  • Peace journalists should report on peace efforts.
  • Peace journalists should avoid personal biases and media manipulation.

Peace Journalism Criticism

  • Peace journalism is challenged by the traditional journalistic requirement of objectivity.
  • Criticism suggests that peace journalism overestimates the impact of media and overlooks audience preferences.

Conflict Analysis

  • Understanding the context of conflict is crucial.
  • Conflict analysis involves identifying causes, actors, and dynamics of conflict.

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Peace Journalism Session 1 PDF

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