PE and Health 7: First Aid Basics

• The lesson exemplar is for PE and Health 7, Quarter 4, Lesson 1 (Weeks 1-2), SY 2024-2025.
• The material provided is for teachers implementing the MATATAG K to 10 Curriculum during the 2024-2025 school year.
• Unauthorized use is prohibited and may result in legal action.

Standards and Competencies

• Learners will understand first aid, road and water safety, and dances to promote wellness for active and healthy lives.
• Learners will participate in first aid and injury prevention and dances to promote wellness for active and healthy lives.
• The learning competency is to discuss basic first aid concepts, objectives, principles, and procedures for managing common conditions.
• It's important to understand immediate care in emergency situations.
• Recognize common emergency scenarios where immediate care is important.
• Proper steps should be demonstrated for assessing and managing common injuries or medical emergencies
• Identify common medical conditions that may need first aid intervention
• Demonstrate knowledge of appropriate first aid procedures for managing common medical conditions.

First Aid Concepts

• First aid includes immediate and temporary care while waiting for medical assistance.
• Aims to lessen pain, prevent further injury, and prolong life.
• Examples include insect and animal bites, wounds, burns, bleeding, fainting, food and other forms of poisoning, choking, hyperventilation, and heat-related conditions.
• Integration includes the Philippine Red Cross and working towards school safety.

Teaching and Learning Procedure - Day 1

• Proficiency should be rated by assessing knowledge of first aid through scores and realizations.
• Students can watch a video from Mr. Bean's Episode "First Aid" and identify actions relevant to the topic and common mistakes in giving first aid.
• An accident is an unexpected event causing injury or harm.
• An emergency is a sudden threat needing quick action to stop more harm.
• The emergency action principle is quick steps during emergencies, including assessing the situation, prioritizing actions, and providing first aid.
• A first aider is someone trained to help injured or ill people in emergencies.
• First aid is immediate help until medical help arrives.
• A victim is someone hurt or harmed and needs help.

First Aid Management

• First aid management is immediate care until professional help arrives, including assessment and appropriate techniques.
• An injury is physical harm from accidents or harmful events.
• Signs are observable indications, such as changes in skin color or breathing.
• Symptoms are subjective experiences like pain or dizziness.

Immediate and Temporary Care Principles

• Do remain calm, provide reassurance, and look for medical bracelets indicating conditions like epilepsy or diabetes, loosen tight clothing, and keep the victim covered to minimize shock
• During first aid, do not give food and drink to someone unconscious or move an injured person unless necessary
• First aid includes self-help and home care, and knowing the limits to prevent harm
• Its a bridge between the victim and physicians, not intended to replace physician services
• Objectives are to alleviate suffering, prevent added injury, and prolong life.
• Characteristics of a good first aider include being gentle, observant, resourceful, tactful, and sympathetic.

Action Planning

• The class is divided into groups to brainstorm the course of action based on situations
• Possible action is to immobilize the injured limb, apply pressure with a clean cloth, call emergency services, remove a person from the source of exposure, and use CPR techniques.

Teaching and Learning Procedure - Day 2

• Students should analyze situations and answer process questions.
• Steps in the emergency action principles should be express queried
• Students categorize words and phrases into three columns: Known, Confused, and Unknown.

First Aid Instructions

• In the ABCs of First Aid ensure an open airway then breathing and then circulation via chest compressions.
• Disability assessment, severe bleeding, or using an AED is also important
• The individual should also be assessed for signs of injury, bleeding, allergies, or other issues
• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) together with Automated External Defibrillators can help restart the heart and restore blood circulation.

Bleeding Instructions

• If possible, wear disposable gloves as a precaution.
• Flush the wound with water.
• Cover the wound with gauze or a clean cloth.
• Apply direct pressure to staunch bleeding and promote clotting.
• Elevate the bleeding area above the heart level.
• Once bleeding has eased apply a fresh bandage
• A sequence of abdominal thrusts is needed to clear an obstructed airway in a choking person

Identifying First Aid Champions

• Student A (relaxed in controlling blood): bad first aider, not controlling blood
• Student B (insisting unconscious sister drink water): bad first aider, drinking may be harmful
• Student C (brings friend to clinic): good first aider, seeks immediate care
• Student D (handkerchief to tie arm): excellent first aider, calm, caring, and quick
• Student E (comforting words): needs additional actions

Common Medical Conditions

• Bites are injuries causing punctures, cuts, or scrapes, potentially leading to infections or venom.
• Wounds are injuries causing damage to the skin or tissues, ranging from minor to serious.
• Burns are injuries caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation, varying in severity.
• Bleeding is the loss of blood from damaged blood vessels.
• Fainting is a temporary loss of consciousness due to reduced blood flow to the brain.
• Poisoning is ingestion, inhalation, or absorption of harmful substances.
• Choking is when an object blocks the throat or windpipe.
• Hyperventilation is rapid breathing leading to excessive oxygen intake.
• A heart attack is when blood flow to the heart is blocked.
• A stroke is when blood flow to the brain is interrupted.

Vocabulary Acitivity

• The class is team into five (5), with each team consisting of an equal number of participants
• Place cards containing descriptions of common conditions and their corresponding definitions at different stations around the room. Each station should have a set of cards for both the conditions and the definitions.

First Aid Management of Scenarios

• Bites: clean with soap and water, antibiotic ointment, sterile bandage.
• Wounds: clean with mild soap and water, pressure, sterile bandage.
• Burns: Cool under running water, sterile dressing with medical attention.
• Bleeding: Direct pressure, elevate.
• Fainting: Lay flat, elevate legs, loosen clothing, fresh air.
• Poisoning: Call poison control immediately, remove contaminated clothing, seek medical attention.
• Choking: Abdominal thrusts, encourage coughing
• Hyperventilation: Encourage slow breathing, reassurance.
• Heart attack: Call emergency services, comfortable position, medication.
• Stroke: Recognize stroke signs, keep person calm, and reassure.

First Aid Explores

• Divide the class into dive (5) groups
• Assign each group a specific first aid condition to research

Advocacy Materials Lesson

• Song writing, artwork, and video presentations can be used to promote first aid advocacy.
• Advocacy material is to be repeatedly mentioned and have core messaging
• The use of pictures and icons is important when preparing the advocacy learning
• Its important to note if materials come from other resources

Formative Assessment

• Evaluate student learning via formative assessment through activities and teacher reflection
• An empowering young heroes is a tool to assess student development
• Providing adequate time for student to work and to listen is of the utmost importance
• Noted observations can allow teacher to improve effective lessons
• Teachers may adjust materials to improve practices