Pazo da Pena e Van Gogh

Grande Incêndio de 1871 em Chicago

• Led to the urgent reconstruction of the city.
• Originated the "Escola de Chicago" (Chicago School), marking the beginning of skyscrapers.
• Migration to urban centers was in search of opportunities.
• Expansion of industry and commerce required large factories and warehouses.
• Vertical constructions took advantage of space.
• New scientific knowledge related to physics and mechanics was developed.
• Materials became more resistant

Inovações Técnicas e Estéticas

• The construction of tall buildings (skyscrapers) included apartments, offices, warehouses, etc.
• Construction skeletons had iron and steel.
• Plastic and expressive qualities of new materials like ferrous iron and concrete were required.
• Facades had walls and glass panels.
• Pre-fabrication of building materials like structural components.

Artes Aplicadas: Romantismo

• Exaggeration of emotions.
• Imagination was heightened.
• Affirmation of individual identity.
• Fascination with the ordinary.
• Expression of particular feelings was done in art pieces.
• Interest in exotic cultures.
• Idealism was common.
• The main source of inspiration was the optical style named Manuelino of the Serra de Nova.
• Synthesis of Romantic ideas considered the place of man in the world, highlighting his isolation.

Arte Nova

• A movement that emerged in Brussels and spread throughout Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
• Different denominations for the movement existed in various countries.
  • "Jugendstil" in Germany.
  • "Modern Style" in the UK and the USA.
  • "Secession" in Austria.
  • "Liberty" in Italy.
  • "Modernism" in Spain.

Van de Velde

• Began a cycle of lectures in 1894 to disseminate knowledge influenced by Ruskin and Harris, defending practical and social art.
• Interior decoration and furniture design were emphazised.
• Excessive ornamentation was rejected, valuing the form of objects.
• Started a career as a painter in applied arts and architecture, designing furniture, fabrics, and tapestries.

Antoni Gaudí

• An innovative architect who reflected academic principles.
• Combined elements of Byzantine art, Mudejar, and Gothic styles, creating a unique and personal style.
• An interest in the forms of nature and artisan techniques was taken.
• Parque Güell explored new concepts with bricks and cobbled mosaics; Sagrada Familia, was his most visionary work, and it remained unfinished even today.
• Sagrada Família construction began in a Gothic style, but over the years had a complete replanning.
• Gaudí designed an exceptional and innovative temple that initially was planned for 18 towers, though he saw only one of them finished before his death.

Arte Nova Context

• Historical, social, and cultural context that included:
  • An aura of optimism and confidence in European societies during the Belle Époque,
  • Economic and industrial development accelerating from the 19th to the 20th century.
  • Demographic and urban growth;
  • Affirmation of the city as a center of modernity;
  • Affirmation of the industrial and capitalist bourgeoisie;
  • Promotion of leisure, advertising, and consumption activities;
  • Scientific and technical progress was applied to architecture and other ornamental arts;
  • Debate about the opposition between art and industry,
  • The Arts and Crafts movement stimulated innovative artists and trades.
  • The spread of Art Nouveau is based on American capital principles.

Influences

• Influences present in the movement include:
  • Arts and Crafts Movement, with its principle of "unity of the arts"
  • Japanese art, with its industrial design.
  • Gothic and expressive art.
  • Iron and glass architecture, technical and material expression.
  • Symbolism is seen in the use of forms.

Formal Inovações

• Formal, technical, and aesthetic innovations rejected historicist traditions, academics, and revivalism of the time..
• Organic shapes inspired by nature.
• Sinuous and stylized line from the integration of new construction techniques and materials.
• Use of materials like concrete, iron, glass, and new plastic and expressive qualities.

Arte Nova

• It used curved lines and shapes of natural inspiration.
• Floral elements became the architectural object's own body and structure.
• Used plant and zoomorphic forms.
• Designs were conveyed through undulating, continuous, dynamic lines.
• Applied stain glass.
• Facades were generally asymmetric.

Romantismo

• Cult of emotion, fantasy, dream and originality.
• Elevates to exotic/distant places filled with fantasy and imagination.
• Exaltation of nature.
• Value of average people.
• Defends the socio-nationalist ideals.
• Individualism, worldview controlled of individual feelings.
• The idealizing artist is a landmark.

Novos Pobres

• New sense of life.
• Free initiative , competition and individualism.
• Liberalism that values burgeoisie.
• Extinction of secular privileges.
• End of rigid boundaries between social classes.

Filosofia de Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• Base of Romantic formulations.
• Full pact on pre-Romanticism.
• Pessimism in connection of society and civilization.
• Evident on lust for a lost human nature of being corrupted with culture, resorting in praise of primitive and culture of early original forms.

Importância da Luz na Basílica da Sagrada Família

• It does not only serve to illuminate but also to create symbolic meanings.

Simbolismo da Iluminação nas Fachadas

• Part of the Nativity facade: illuminates with the morning sun, symbolizing birth.
• Passion Gate: receives the light of sunset representing death.
• Glory Facade: is illuminated throughout the day, symbolizing the resurrection

Casa Milá

• Dominated by undulating and wavy lines on the facade
• the railings are made of wrought iron, using elements inspired by nature (vegetative forms).
• Exploration of the technical and expressive qualities of materials (stone, iron, concrete).
• Ground floor composed of a series of chimneys that evoke symbolic figures (warriors, sculptures, twisted pipes).
• Inpiration to create a static organic aspect.

Hector Guimard's Paris Metropolitans

• Utilized iron and glass.
• Used decorative elements inspired by flora and fauna
• The architecture was inspired by organic nature shapes.
• Design with open fan shape
• Construction with modular pieces.

Otto Wagner

• Preferred geometric shapes, squares, and circles.
• Used white and black as dominant colors.

A Fotografia

• Photography liberated painting from one of its objectives that it most had.
• Imitation of nature was what motivated new fields of research and opened the way to new forms of interpretation in art and in photography.
• Photography contributed to finish academy conceptions about painting compositions.
• Painting influenced photography on its thematic references and image framing.

A fotografia de Lewis Hime

• An American photographer who began to use photography with educational purposes, but began to use it as a social denounce tool.
• From 1904, he documented injustices like infant work labor and the workers conditions in the EUA.
• His impacting images influenced many legislative changes about infant work and safety in labor.
• Hime believed in the artistic qualities of his photos.
• Registed in a naturalistic way the immigrant movements of peoples with objective and realistic figures of vulnerable and humble people.

Funcionalidade dos Espaços Interiores

• Functionality of interior spaces, in which elements as forms, are articulated as decorative elements.
• Assumption of the architect as, simultaneously, craftsman and designer, that also conceive the interior decoration, furniture and equipment.

Impressionismo - Influencing Factors

• Scientific discoveries about light and perception of optic colors
• Invention of Photography
• "En plein air" painting
• Contact wit oriental art and "japonismo"
• Production of paint tubes.

Características Técnicas

• Division of color through application of separate tones and overlaps.
• Short strokes and fast quick.
• Application of pure colors.
• Paint applied directly on the canvas

Principais Temas

• In terms of themes for painting.
• Modern everyday use.
• Scenes of movement as for leisures such as bars.

Neo Impressonismo

• • Pointillism: Aplication as points of paint on canvas ,instead of mixing on painting.
• Color theory.
• The themes from then on were: points and figures of back costudes, sources and even profiles..

Cezanne e o Cubismo

• Representation of objects in many perspectives simultaneously
• Use of geometric formats.
• Use of color to volumize
• Tendences on scenes: landscapes and portraits.
• Cezanne saw that their motives where figured from an artistic visuality.
• There was novelty pictorial linguiage.
• Did not reproduce and realiably.

Pós Impressionismo

• The artists of this epoc initiated with a more accentuated appreciation of painting
• The mains ones begun as impressionists , from which they diverged for distinct tenedence ones.
• They felt limited and unsatisfied from the impressionist art.

Van Gogh

• developed a painting characterized as an intense emotional extreme
• distance objects, faces to feel
• textures where a relevant part
• Colors where applicated giving a relief feel on the textures.
• New technices
• Painting was open and free .
• Preferring paint themen is on a daily.

Gauguin e o Symbolismo

• Its in the style where more simplified and syntetism where use.
• Black contouring.
• Spiritualism instead of
• Expression is liberal for the artist, giving it different meanings.

Romantismo: A Liberdade Guiando o Povo(28 de Julho)

• Revolução de 1830.
• Regresso aos excessos do Antigo Regime
• Alteração do direito eleitoral
• Instituição de direitos a favores à noberza
• Agravamento de impostos dobre a burguesia
• Principal fonte de inspiração.

Como a Revolução e a burguesia apoiada pelo povo, implementou as seguintes medidas:

• Proclamou Luiz Fillipe, o rei da França
• Extinguindo a censura.

Obra a Liberdade Guiando o Povo

• A Bandeira tricolor - símbolo máximo da República Francesa e abs valores de liberdade, igualdade e fraternidade.
• Delacroix autorretrato - se na obra mesmo sem ter feito parte deste acontecimento, o que anos mostra suma manifestação de solidariedade e reembolso telles ideiais de liberdade e valores de indivíduo.

Uma mulher simboliza e liberdade republicana simbolizando a bandeira nacional nas mão direita e fum fugilmente.

• Carlos mortos doados e ação um contém dramática.

• Represento e crueldade e disumanidade de agressão

• Jovens e esquerda represent o futuros dos ideais.

• Usa a perspective lineares a partir de suma linha horizontales entremedias e estabelecendo o ponta de fuga.

• Composição movimentado, aima agitolde (trausmittte agitação.

• Máxima tensãa na mãa de mulher

• Desilusão pele pobreza do povo

• Vínculas bagas e fluidas

• Formas pedium definição por causa do seu traço/linha

• Cor aplicada de modo expressivo e uma plete variada

• Luz baixo

Palácio da Pena

• Manueline style
• About 500 meters of altitude
• The Convent was completed to be destroyed by earthquake.
• Nine zones at the Palace to consider. -> Patio where use the ancient construction

• Area of "Arcos" as a capela front

As muralhas onde se fantasias un castles of medieval.

• Movement where volumes were added.
• Use from chromatic richness.

A Fachada Principal

• Have more towers where to see the Moor design
• Cloister too
• Differes from the set mosaics with chromatic composition
• Moor References and gothics.

O Terreiro

• Its circle shaped
• Have semi-romantic references on the façade.
• Hybrid Figres with medium lixe, medium bonhem in a transformed style.

Pórticos do Tritã

• Faces de origins moor and medioeveal.

Este cuestionario explora as características arquitectónicas do Pazo da Pena, os eventos históricos que o moldearon, e as áreas principais que o constitúen. Tamén abrangue a técnica de Van Gogh, o movemento simbolista e a influencia da fotografía nas artes.