30 Questions
In which part of the hippocampus did Maguire and colleagues find a greater gray matter volume in drivers?
Posterior hippocampus
According to Hebb's arousal theory of motivation, what do organisms try to maintain?
An optimal level of arousal
Which of the following is NOT a dimension of arousal as described by Hebb?
Social
What is the primary function of the hippocampus in the brain?
Spatial memory and navigation
Which theorist argued that many human behaviors cannot be motivated by the expectation of an immediate reward?
Tollman
What type of human needs are driven by psychological aspects of functioning, according to the text?
Intellectual and emotional needs
What is the key idea behind the Behaviourist view of learning?
Learning can only take place through behaviour change via classical and operant conditioning
What is the term for the phenomenon where learning takes place without any obvious behaviour change?
Latent learning
What is the concept that helps understand the role of cognition in learning?
Learned helplessness
What is the term for the process by which neural connections are strengthened, leading to learning?
Long-term potentiation
What is the key idea behind Hebb's theory of learning?
Learning requires both arousal and behaviour
What is essential for humans to learn, besides the right environmental stimulation?
Intrinsic motivation and a sense of self-determination
What is an unconditioned stimulus in the environment?
A stimulus that naturally causes a response in an organism
What is the result of pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus?
The neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus
What is an example of classical conditioning in a classroom setting?
A student associates the school with fear due to bullying
What is a possible consequence of classical conditioning in drug abuse?
Increased drug tolerance
What is an example of a phobia that can be classically conditioned?
All of the above
What is the term for the learned response to a conditioned stimulus?
Conditioned response
What is the primary consequence of a rat pressing the lever in the Skinner box?
The food pellet drops into a container next to the lever
What type of reinforcement does the Skinner box experiment demonstrate?
Negative reinforcement
What is the overall effect of punishment on behavior?
It decreases the likelihood of behavior
What is an example of positive punishment?
Giving a student extra homework after misbehaving
What is the main difference between reinforcement and punishment?
Reinforcement increases behavior, punishment decreases behavior
Why did the rat initially press the lever in the Skinner box?
Because it accidentally knocked the lever
What type of relationships do people often invoke when learning from stimuli that are not perfectly predictive?
Prior beliefs
According to the social learning theory, what is the primary way in which social behavior is learned?
By observing and imitating others
What is the essential requirement for observational learning to occur?
The ability to imagine and anticipate
What is the primary finding of Hebb's (1958) research on the neurological basis of learning?
Repetition of the same response leads to permanent changes in the brain's structure
Which psychologist's work was Bandura's social learning theory developed as an alternative to?
B.F. Skinner
What is the name of the experiment that demonstrated children can learn aggressive behaviors through imitating others?
The Bobo doll experiment
Learn about the famous Pavlov's experiment and how it led to the discovery of classical conditioning. Understand the concept of unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, and how associations are formed. Test your knowledge on the pioneering work of Ivan Pavlov.
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