Pavlov's Classical Conditioning Experiment
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Questions and Answers

In which part of the hippocampus did Maguire and colleagues find a greater gray matter volume in drivers?

  • Posterior hippocampus (correct)
  • Frontal lobe
  • Anterior hippocampus
  • Temporal lobe

    • According to Hebb's arousal theory of motivation, what do organisms try to maintain?

  • An optimal level of arousal (correct)
  • A consistent level of arousal
  • A low level of arousal
  • A high level of arousal

    • Which of the following is NOT a dimension of arousal as described by Hebb?

  • Social (correct)
  • Physiological
  • Psychological
  • Cognitive

    • What is the primary function of the hippocampus in the brain?

    <p>Spatial memory and navigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theorist argued that many human behaviors cannot be motivated by the expectation of an immediate reward?

    <p>Tollman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of human needs are driven by psychological aspects of functioning, according to the text?

    <p>Intellectual and emotional needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key idea behind the Behaviourist view of learning?

    <p>Learning can only take place through behaviour change via classical and operant conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon where learning takes place without any obvious behaviour change?

    <p>Latent learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept that helps understand the role of cognition in learning?

    <p>Learned helplessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which neural connections are strengthened, leading to learning?

    <p>Long-term potentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key idea behind Hebb's theory of learning?

    <p>Learning requires both arousal and behaviour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for humans to learn, besides the right environmental stimulation?

    <p>Intrinsic motivation and a sense of self-determination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an unconditioned stimulus in the environment?

    <p>A stimulus that naturally causes a response in an organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus?

    <p>The neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of classical conditioning in a classroom setting?

    <p>A student associates the school with fear due to bullying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of classical conditioning in drug abuse?

    <p>Increased drug tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a phobia that can be classically conditioned?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the learned response to a conditioned stimulus?

    <p>Conditioned response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of a rat pressing the lever in the Skinner box?

    <p>The food pellet drops into a container next to the lever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reinforcement does the Skinner box experiment demonstrate?

    <p>Negative reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall effect of punishment on behavior?

    <p>It decreases the likelihood of behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of positive punishment?

    <p>Giving a student extra homework after misbehaving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between reinforcement and punishment?

    <p>Reinforcement increases behavior, punishment decreases behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the rat initially press the lever in the Skinner box?

    <p>Because it accidentally knocked the lever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of relationships do people often invoke when learning from stimuli that are not perfectly predictive?

    <p>Prior beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the social learning theory, what is the primary way in which social behavior is learned?

    <p>By observing and imitating others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the essential requirement for observational learning to occur?

    <p>The ability to imagine and anticipate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary finding of Hebb's (1958) research on the neurological basis of learning?

    <p>Repetition of the same response leads to permanent changes in the brain's structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychologist's work was Bandura's social learning theory developed as an alternative to?

    <p>B.F. Skinner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the experiment that demonstrated children can learn aggressive behaviors through imitating others?

    <p>The Bobo doll experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

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