Patologia Nerek - 4 rok, blok I

Inflammation of the kidney.

Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, and distal tubule.

A group of medical conditions characterized by protein leaking into the urine.

An infection of the kidney that usually spreads to the kidney from the urinary tract.

Infections of the urinary system that can affect the bladder, kidneys, or urethra.

A genetic disorder causing numerous cysts to grow in the kidneys, sometimes affecting other organs.

Symptoms can range from asymptomatic to kidney failure-related symptoms. Associated symptoms include cysts in other organs and cardiovascular issues.

Cysts develop in the kidneys due to blockage or deposits, often a consequence of dialysis.

Cysts are mainly in the kidney cortex and medulla, filled with fluid and crystals.

Rapidly progressing, potentially severe inflammation of the kidney's filtering units.

Kidney inflammation often appears within several weeks of a streptococcal infection (e.g., throat, skin).

Kidney inflammation characterized by crescents (cell deposits) in Bowman's capsule that can rapidly lead to kidney failure.

A common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults, often idiopathic but can be secondary.

Characterized by minimal or slight changes in the kidney's filtering units, often in children, potentially resolving with treatment.

Glomerular damage is mostly invisible under a typical microscope but shows damage under electron microscope.

Kidney damage resulting from long-term high blood sugar levels in diabetes, leading to progressive kidney failure.

Includes changes to the basement membranes, thickening and scarring of the filtering units, sometimes in the blood vessels.

Kidney damage to the tubules caused by reduced blood flow, toxins, or drugs.

A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, comprised of Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, and distal tubule.

Renal arteries branch into interlobar, arcuate, interlobular, and afferent arterioles.

A structure that filters the blood in the glomerulus, letting small molecules pass.

Glomerular filtration rate is controlled by size, charge, and shape of molecules.

The kidney filters 140-200 liters of fluid per day.

Proximal tubules reabsorb 2/3 sodium, 2/3 water, glucose, amino acids, proteins, and phosphate.

Renin, erythropoietin, prostaglandins, and angiotensin II are produced in the kidney.

Glomerulonephritis is often linked to immune disorders or infections/toxins.

Nephritic syndrome has blood and protein in the urine, high blood pressure, and waste buildup in blood.

Nephrotic syndrome core is a damaged filter which loses albumin.

Reduced albumin lowers blood pressure, causing fluid buildup in tissues and swelling.

Reduced kidney blood flow, often from low blood pressure, dehydration, or shock.

Kidney damage that leads to waste buildup in the blood and other abnormalities.

Congenital kidney issues are often developmental problems during the fetal stage, not just genetic.

A condition where cysts grow in the kidneys, impacting function.

Kidney infections are often caused by bacteria entering the urinary tract and spreading to the kidney.

The nephron is the kidney's filtering unit and has parts including the Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, and loop of Henle.

Damage to the kidney's filtering parts (glomeruli) leads to protein loss in the urine, defining nephrotic syndrome.

Insufficient blood flow to the kidneys, often due to low blood pressure or dehydration.

Decreased urine output is a common symptom of decreased blood flow to the kidneys, leading to acute kidney injury.

A genetic kidney disorder causing numerous cysts that can grow large, affecting both kidneys and sometimes other organs.

The number of pyramids in a kidney, typically between 10 and 18.

The functional unit of the kidney, consisting of Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, and distal tubule.

Cysts develop in the kidneys due to blockages or crystal deposits, often because of dialysis.

Rapidly developing inflammation of the kidney's filtering units, often following a streptococcal infection.

The order of blood vessel branching within the kidney: interlobar, arcuate, interlobular, then afferent arterioles.

Severe kidney inflammation characterized by crescents in Bowman's capsule, potentially leading to rapid kidney failure.

Can occur in the kidney because renal blood vessels are terminal.

A disorder causing leakage of protein into the urine, often idiopathic but can be secondary to other diseases.

The glomerulus is 200 picometers in diameter and made up of 20-40 capillary loops.

Minimal damage to kidney's filtering units, mainly showing up in children, often treatable.

Three layers (Endothelial cells, basement membrane, and podocytes) make up the filtering barrier in glomeruli.

Substances weighing below 5,000 daltons readily pass through the filtration barrier.

Kidney damage from long-term high blood sugar levels in diabetes, causing progressive kidney failure.

Kidney damage to the tubules, often caused by reduced blood flow or toxins.

Filtration is regulated by the size, charge, and shape of molecules.

Reduced kidney blood flow, often due to low blood pressure or dehydration.

The kidneys filter 140-200 liters of fluid daily.

2/3 of sodium, water, glucose, amino acids, proteins, and phosphate are reabsorbed in the proximal tubules.

Kidney infection, often spreading from the urinary tract.

Renin, erythropoietin, prostaglandins, and angiotensin II are hormones produced by the kidneys.

Infections in urinary system, affecting bladder, kidneys, or urethra.

Glomerular issues can stem from immune disorders or infections/toxins.

Kidney inflammation frequently linked to infections, toxins, or immune disorders

Blood in urine, proteinuria (moderate), oliguria, hypertension, and increasing blood urea nitrogen and creatinine signify nephritic syndrome.

Collection of disorders affecting the glomeruli, causing kidney issues.

Damaged glomerular filtration barrier is the core of nephrotic syndrome, causing albumin loss.

Reduced kidney blood flow (related to low blood pressure, dehydration, or shock) causes pre-renal acute kidney injury.

Chronic kidney disease involves kidney damage resulting in waste buildup in the blood and additional abnormalities.

Kidney infection often starts in the urinary tract and spreads.

The functional unit of the kidney, including Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, and distal tubule.

Kidney damage due to reduced blood flow, often caused by low blood pressure.

Damaged glomerular filter causes the loss of proteins, particularly albumin, in the urine.

Kidney infection frequently caused by bacteria spreading from the urinary tract.

A genetic disorder causing numerous cysts to grow in the kidneys, sometimes affecting other organs.

Cysts develop in the kidneys due to blockages or crystal deposits, often because of dialysis.

Rapidly developing inflammation of the kidney's filtering units, often following a streptococcal infection.

Severe kidney inflammation characterized by crescents in Bowman's capsule, potentially leading to rapid kidney failure.

A disorder causing leakage of protein into the urine, often idiopathic but can be secondary to other diseases.

Minimal damage to kidney's filtering units, mainly showing up in children, often treatable.

Kidney damage from long-term high blood sugar levels in diabetes, causing progressive kidney failure.

Kidney damage to the tubules, often caused by reduced blood flow or toxins.

Reduced kidney blood flow, often due to low blood pressure or dehydration.

Kidney infection, often spreading from the urinary tract.

The functional unit of the kidney, consisting of Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, and distal tubule.

The glomerulus is 200 picometers in diameter and made up of 20-40 capillary loops.

The average number of pyramids present in a human kidney, typically ranging between 10 and 18.

The functional unit of the kidney, comprising Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, and distal tubule.

The order of branching for renal arteries: interlobar, arcuate, interlobular, leading to afferent arterioles.

A multi-layered structure within the glomerulus in the kidney; it filters blood to allow the passage of small molecules.

Factors controlling glomerular filtration rate (GFR) include the size, charge, and shape of passing molecules.

The amount of fluid filtered by the kidneys daily, typically between 140 to 200 liters.

Kidney damage caused by insufficient blood flow to the kidneys, often due to low blood pressure or dehydration.

A glomerulus is approximately 200 picometers in diameter and consists of 20-40 capillary loops.

Composed of three layers: endothelial cells, basement membrane, and podocytes.

Particles weighing less than 5,000 daltons can freely pass through the filtration barrier.

Damage to the glomerular filtration barrier is the primary cause, leading to protein loss in the urine.

Renin, erythropoietin, prostaglandins, and angiotensin II are hormones produced in the kidneys.

Two-thirds of sodium, water, glucose, amino acids, proteins, and phosphate are reabsorbed through the proximal tubules.

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, composed of Bowman's capsule, the proximal tubule, loop of Henle, and the distal tubule.

Kidney damage caused by insufficient blood flow to the kidneys, often stemming from low blood pressure or dehydration.

A kidney infection often caused by bacteria traveling up from the urinary tract.

Inflammation of the kidney.

Damage to the glomerulus (filtering part) causes protein to leak into the urine.

The number of pyramids found in a kidney, typically between 10 and 18.

The functional unit of the kidney, including Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, and distal tubule.

The order of blood vessel branching within the kidney: interlobar, arcuate, interlobular, then afferent arterioles.

A multi-layered structure within the glomerulus in the kidney; it filters blood to allow the passage of small molecules.

Factors controlling glomerular filtration rate (GFR) include the size, charge, and shape of passing molecules.

The amount of fluid filtered by the kidneys daily, typically between 140 to 200 liters.

Kidney damage caused by insufficient blood flow to the kidneys, often due to low blood pressure or dehydration.

A glomerulus is approximately 200 picometers in diameter and consists of 20-40 capillary loops.

Composed of three layers: endothelial cells, basement membrane, and podocytes.

Particles weighing less than 5,000 daltons can freely pass through the filtration barrier.

Damage to the glomerular filtration barrier is the primary cause, leading to protein loss in the urine.

Renin, erythropoietin, prostaglandins, and angiotensin II are hormones produced in the kidneys.

Two-thirds of sodium, water, glucose, amino acids, proteins, and phosphate are reabsorbed through the proximal tubules.

A genetic disease where many cysts form in the kidneys, sometimes affecting other organs.

Cysts developing in kidneys due to blocked drainage or crystal deposits, often linked to dialysis.

Rapid inflammation of kidney's filtering units, often following a streptococcal infection.

Severe kidney inflammation marked by crescents in Bowman's capsule, potentially leading to fast kidney failure.

Kidney disorder causing protein leakage into urine, often idiopathic, but can be linked to other conditions.

Minor kidney filtering abnormality, mainly found in children, potentially resolving with treatment.

Kidney damage from long-term high blood sugar levels, leading to progressive kidney failure.

Kidney damage to the tubules, frequently caused by reduced blood flow or toxins.

Kidney damage due to reduced blood flow to the kidneys, often caused by low blood pressure or dehydration.

Kidney infection, commonly originating in the urinary tract.

Kidney inflammation affecting the glomeruli, connected to infections and immune issues.

Kidney condition marked by protein loss in urine, tissue swelling, and low blood protein levels.