Patient Safety and Medical Errors Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the leading cause of medical errors in primary care?

Delayed diagnoses

Administrative errors (correct)

Inadequate patient education

Surgical complications

What percentage of patient safety incidents are statistically attributed to human error?

80%

43%

66% (correct)

28.6%

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of patient safety incidents?

Surgical complications

Medication errors (correct)

Communication issues

Inaccurate diagnoses

What is a structured communication method mentioned to help prevent errors?

SBAR schema Signup and view all the answers

How many patients die annually from surgical complications?

Over 1 million Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the Safety II perspective?

Emphasizing situational adjustments in routine actions Signup and view all the answers

Which method is considered the most important tool in the Safety II perspective?

Structured interviews of all involved parties Signup and view all the answers

What principle does the FRAM (Functional Resonance Analysis Method) contribute to?

Understanding interactions within complex socio-technical systems Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for advancing safety thinking in healthcare according to the content?

Integrating both Safety I and Safety II approaches Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is least acknowledged in current error reporting systems?

Complex interactions in socio-technical systems Signup and view all the answers

What does SBAR stand for in the context of structured communication?

Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a High Reliability Organization (HRO)?

Focusing solely on success Signup and view all the answers

In the context of safety culture, what is crucial for the top management?

To create a supportive atmosphere for reporting errors Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary goals of Safety Culture in healthcare?

To instill awareness of high-risk medical fields Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is part of CIRS in promoting patient safety?

Implementing multidisciplinary conferences Signup and view all the answers

What does a strong safety culture in a healthcare setting mainly encourage?

Reporting errors without fear of penalties Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for effective interdisciplinary and interprofessional collaboration in patient safety measures?

Open communication and shared responsibilities Signup and view all the answers

What principle is emphasized in the awareness of a High Reliability Organization?

A culture of openly discussing and learning from mistakes Signup and view all the answers

What is a major source of patient harm according to the information provided?

Primary and outpatient care Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following WHO initiatives aims to reduce avoidable medication-related harm?

Medication Without Harm Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the seven principles for patient safety?

Involving patients and their families as partners Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'World Patient Safety Day' established in 2019?

To promote awareness of patient safety Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the seven strategic goals mentioned in the action framework for patient safety?

Improving patient safety culture Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a WHO initiative for patient safety?

Patient Safety in Dental Practices Signup and view all the answers

Which principle relates to translating evidence into measurable improvements in healthcare?

Translating evidence into actionable improvement Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main causes of avoidable harm in healthcare according to the provided information?

Unsafe medication practices Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the concept of Safety I in healthcare?

Preventing as few errors as possible Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the WHO's Global Action Plan for Patient Safety 2021-2023?

To address patient safety-related incidents Signup and view all the answers

Which stakeholders are identified in the context of victimhood within the healthcare system?

First victim: patients, Second victim: healthcare providers, Third victim: the institution Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of structured communication like SBAR in healthcare?

To facilitate clearer communication and reduce errors Signup and view all the answers

What does the Safety I perspective emphasize in patient safety?

Reducing critical events as much as possible Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines sepsis?

A life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a misdirected host response to infection Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is predominantly focused on in Safety II?

Maximizing positive occurrences Signup and view all the answers

What is the SOFA score used for in medical practice?

To evaluate the severity of organ dysfunction in sepsis Signup and view all the answers

Interdisciplinary collaboration in health care primarily aims to enhance which of the following?

Collective medical expertise and skills Signup and view all the answers

In the context of patient safety, which of the following issues is considered a major problem?

Communication problems among healthcare providers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the intention behind clinical risk management methods?

Reducing the incidence of critical events Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of resilience apply in the context of Safety II?

Adapting to unexpected events effectively Signup and view all the answers

What type of monitoring is implied for patients receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics?

Comprehensive monitoring of vital signs Signup and view all the answers

What role do specialized technical devices play in the health care system?

Facilitate the automation of processes Signup and view all the answers

What is the contradiction between Safety I and Safety II models in health care?

Safety I minimizes risks, while Safety II maximizes positive events. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding manual skills in health care is most accurate?

Manual skills are essential for interacting with specialized devices. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Patient Safety Lecture

Lecture for medical students
Professor Rainer Petzina, MaHM
Medical School Hamburg (MSH), Medical School Berlin (MSB), Health and Medical University (HMU)

Agenda

Objectives for the day
Review
WHO – Patient safety
Safety I – Safety II
First, second, third victim
Sepsis
Conclusion

Objectives for the Day

Understanding WHO data on patient safety
Describing Safety I and Safety II
Learning the importance of first, second, and third victims in healthcare
Gaining first impressions of the importance of sepsis

Risk Management Matrix

Risk is a combination of likelihood and impact
Likelihood ranges from frequent to unlikely
Impact is categorized as insignificant to catastrophic

Risk Management System

Framework for risk management
Identifying, analyzing, and evaluating risks
Risk mitigation and ongoing monitoring
Policy of the organization/task and commitment
Planning, action, and verification

Risk Management Methods (Proactive/Preventive)

Scenario analysis
Audits, documentation walkthroughs
Peer review
Simulators/training exercises
Process analysis

Risk Management Methods (Reactive)

Error reporting systems
Quality data analysis
Patient-orientated/complaint management
Meetings/discussions about incidents

Scenario Analysis (Proactive/Preventive)

Current situation of 10 defibrillators in the building
Training on use occurs during initial installation
Staff members were absent when training happened, no replacements
This creates an increased risk of the defibrillator being used incorrectly

Audits & Walkthroughs (Proactive/Preventive)

Audits/walkthroughs in various departments (e.g., wards, operating rooms)
Focus on specific areas/themes (e.g., hygiene, documentation, medication safety)

Peer Review Methods (Proactive/Preventive)

Common issues encountered in hospitals
Analysis of care documentation
Missing treatment goals (e.g., antibiotics)
Communication problems/interfaces between departments (e.g., wards and intensive care)

Crew/Crisis Resource Management (CRM) (Proactive/Preventive)

Simulation and communications training
Ward (labor) training exercises/education
Resuscitation training
Operating room training exercises

Process Analysis (Proactive/Preventive)

Recommendations for preventing surgical procedures
Identification of patients
Marking procedure sites
Correct ward/operating room assignments
Team-time-out before the procedure

Critical Incident Reporting System (CIRS) (Reactive)

Anonymous reporting system for events, errors, near misses
Analysis of error patterns for preventive measures
Focus on critical, safety-related events

Safety I - Safety II

Healthcare is complex, both socially and technically • Interdisciplinary and interprofessional collaboration • Medical expertise and competences • Manual skills/procedures • Interactions with sophisticated devices and processes • Automation and standardization factors

Safety I - Perspective

Aiming for minimal negative/unwanted/unexpected events/incidents
Standardizing/optimizing processes and human interactions
Minimizing errors

Safety II - Perspective

Emphasizing positive outcomes/factors
Adaptability based on unpredictability/risk
Maximizing the number of positive factors possible

First, Second, Third Victim

First victim -patients
Second victim -healthcare professionals encountering traumatizing events
Third victim - the department, hospital, or clinic itself

Sepsis

Life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by an inappropriate response to infection
Sepsis-related Organ (SOFA) Score assessed
Septic shock is severe Sepsis

WHO - Global Action Plan for Patient Safety 2021-2030

Goal is to eliminate avoidable patient harm in healthcare
High financial and economic cost to provide/support healthcare
Loss of trust in the healthcare system
Impact on affected healthcare personnel
Patient Safety Culture

7 Strategic Goals with 35 Specific Strategies

Patient Safety Curriculum Guide - Multi-Professional Edition

Patient Safety - Key Facts

Patient harm is one of the leading causes of death and disability
In high-income countries, 1 out of 10 patients experience harm during hospital treatment
15% of healthcare spending is frequently lost dealing with adverse events in OECD countries
Large financial savings are possible by properly dealing with patient harm and safety
In low-to-medium-income countries, adverse events are frequently responsible for 2/3 of lost years (DALY) due to disability and death

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Description

Test your knowledge on the leading causes of medical errors in primary care and the various aspects of patient safety incidents. This quiz covers structured communication methods and key principles of safety thinking in healthcare. Challenge yourself with questions about human errors, safety culture, and High Reliability Organizations.