99 Questions
What is the primary purpose of open-ended questions in a patient interview?
To encourage patients to express feelings, emotions, and opinions
What is the main difference between open-ended and closed-ended questions?
The type of information gathered
What type of question is 'What made you come to the hospital?'
Open-ended question
What is the potential consequence of excessive use of closed-ended questions?
The interview will feel neutral or cold
What type of question is 'Tell me about your shortness of breath.'?
Open-ended question
What is the benefit of using indirect questions?
They are often perceived as less threatening by the patient
What is the purpose of using open-ended questions to start the interview?
To introduce a new area of questioning
What is the primary reason a clinician should respond appropriately to a patient's answers?
To avoid losing rapport and information
What type of question can be used to force the patient to choose one of several possible answers?
Closed-Ended question
What is a common pitfall to avoid when asking Closed-Ended questions?
Leading the patient to a desired answer
What is the typical response length of a patient to a Closed-Ended question?
One or two words
What is the primary benefit of using Open-Ended questions?
To encourage the patient to provide more information
Why is it important for the RCP to remain in control of the amount of time spent with patients?
To manage their workload and prioritize tasks
What is the primary goal of active listening in a clinical setting?
To gather accurate information from the patient
What type of question is often used to encourage the patient to provide more information?
Open-Ended question
What should be the tone of your voice when speaking to the patient?
Pleasant, consistent, and professional
What is the purpose of asking the patient how they pronounce their last name?
To ensure correct pronunciation of the patient's name
What is the distance of the social or public space from the patient?
4 to 12 feet
What should you do before entering the patient's room?
Clear your mind of distractions and put a smile on your face
What should you tell the patient about your purpose?
You are there because the physician sent you
What is the significance of the phrase 'how are you today' in the United States?
It's a greeting, not a question
What is the importance of non-verbal messages in patient interaction?
They are essential to the success of the patient interaction
What is the primary purpose of introducing yourself in the social space?
To positively identify the patient and provide necessary information
What is the minimum distance from the patient considered as personal space?
2 feet
Why is it important to limit eye contact and speech in the intimate space?
To avoid overwhelming the patient
What is the primary purpose of obtaining a chaperone if necessary?
To ensure patient safety during the examination
What is the benefit of telling the patient that you are going to check the ID band before doing so?
To respect the patient's autonomy
What is the primary purpose of the 5 W's?
To identify oneself and their role
What is the distance considered as intimate space?
Less than 18 inches
What does the 'O' in OPQRST stand for?
Onset
Which of the following is NOT a question to ask when assessing the 'P' in OPQRST?
How often does it occur?
What does the 'S' in OPQRST represent?
Severity
What is the primary purpose of asking about the 'R' in OPQRST?
To identify the region of the body affected
What does the 'T' in OPQRST represent?
Timing
Which of the following is an example of a question that addresses the 'Q' in OPQRST?
What does it feel like?
What is the primary benefit of using the OPQRST mnemonic device?
It provides a framework for healthcare professionals to assess symptoms systematically
What is the primary distinction between symptoms and signs?
Symptoms are manifestations of illness that cannot be detected and measured, while signs can be.
Which of the following is an example of a sign?
Vital signs
What is the purpose of a modified Borg dyspnea scale?
To help patients with chronic dyspnea keep track of trends in their symptoms
Why are symptoms called subjective findings?
Because only the patient can perceive them
What is the characteristic of signs that distinguishes them from symptoms?
They can be detected and measured by others
What is the term used to describe the manifestations of illness that can be detected and measured by others?
Signs
Why is it important for clinicians to gain experience in identifying patterns of signs and symptoms?
To improve their ability to diagnose diseases
What is the primary purpose of the Chief Complaint?
To express the patient's priorities and serve as a guide to the questions to ask
Why should the clinician not automatically accept the patient's statements about their symptoms?
Because the patient may use medical words or repeat something someone told them about their condition
What is the purpose of writing symptoms in the patient's own words?
To get a more detailed description of the symptoms
What is the History of the Present Illness?
A detailed description of each of the symptoms listed in the Chief Complaint
Why is it important to communicate concern for the patient's priorities?
Because it is essential to address the patient's concerns and priorities
What is the purpose of asking the patient to describe their symptoms in their own words?
To get a more detailed description of the symptoms
What is the significance of the patient's priorities in the Chief Complaint?
They should be emphasized and addressed in the History of the Present Illness
What is the difference between the Chief Complaint and the History of the Present Illness?
The Chief Complaint is a list of the patient's separate symptoms with their duration, while the History of the Present Illness is a detailed description of each of the symptoms listed in the Chief Complaint
What is the characteristic of sputum that is normal in color but thicker than normal?
Mucoid
Which type of sputum contains pus cells and has a color other than white?
Purulent
What is the term used to describe mucus in the airway before it is mixed with oral secretions in the mouth?
Phlegm
Which of the following conditions is associated with frothy sputum?
Pulmonary Edema
What is the characteristic of fetid sputum?
Foul odor
Which of the following conditions is associated with mucopurulent sputum?
Bronchiectasis
What is the amount of blood expectorated in 24 hours that is considered life-threatening?
300ml
What is the primary difference between hemoptysis and hematemesis?
Hemoptysis is the expectoration of blood that originated in the respiratory tract, while hematemesis is the expectoration of blood that originated in the GI tract or other areas.
What is the term for coughing up and expectorating sputum containing blood that originated in the respiratory tract below the level of the larynx?
Hemoptysis
What is the primary concern when evaluating a patient's report of hemoptysis?
Distinguishing between hemoptysis and hematemesis
What is the sign of hemoptysis that may indicate a self-limiting condition?
Vigorous coughing
What is the primary reason for identifying the source of blood in a patient with hemoptysis?
To differentiate between hemoptysis and hematemesis
What is the characteristic of hemoptysis that distinguishes it from hematemesis?
The origin of the blood in the respiratory tract
What is the primary cause of a body temperature being maintained above normal due to disease?
Leukocytic pyrogens in the blood
What is the immediate effect of a fever on the body's heat production and conservation mechanisms?
It increases both heat production and heat conservation mechanisms
What is the result of the body's heat dissipating mechanisms coming into play when a fever resolves?
Cutaneous vasodilation and profuse sweating
What is the effect of fever on a patient's breathing pattern?
It speeds up breathing and increases oxygen consumption
Which of the following is a symptom of fever?
Chills and shivering
What is the relationship between leukocytic pyrogens and inflammation?
Leukocytic pyrogens are a major factor in inflammation
What is the result of the hypothalamus being reset to a point above normal?
It increases the body's heat production and conservation mechanisms
What is the main difference between fever and normal body temperature?
Fever is a body temperature above normal
What is the term used to describe the abnormal condition of a body temperature maintained above normal due to disease?
Pyrexia
What is the primary indication of accessory muscle use during inspiration in a patient with respiratory failure?
Clavicular lift
What is the characteristic of adventitious breath sounds that distinguishes them from abnormal breath sounds?
They include stridor, rhonchi, and rales
Which of the following is a sign of serious hypoxemia in a patient with respiratory failure?
Altered mental status
What is the term for the inward movement of the abdominal wall during inspiration in a patient with respiratory failure?
Abdominal paradox
What is the primary indication of consolidation in a patient with respiratory failure?
Dullness to percussion and egophony on auscultation
What is the characteristic of tripod position in a patient with respiratory failure?
Emphysematous habitus
Which of the following is not a sign of respiratory failure?
Fever
What is the typical location of cyanosis in the body?
In the lips, nail beds, ears, and malar eminences
What is the primary cause of central cyanosis?
Respiratory failure
What is the term for cyanosis of the hands and feet?
Acrocyanosis
What is the significance of peripheral cyanosis without hypoxemia?
It is a sign of poor tissue perfusion
What is the threshold of unsaturated hemoglobin in the blood that produces cyanosis?
5 g/dL
What is the relationship between central and peripheral cyanosis?
Any condition that causes central cyanosis will also cause peripheral cyanosis
What is the characteristic of cyanosis that makes it an unreliable sign of hypoxemia?
It can occur without hypoxemia
What is the purpose of dividing cyanosis into central and peripheral categories?
To identify the underlying cause of cyanosis
What is the significance of cyanosis in the mucous membranes and nail beds?
It is more noticeable in these areas
What is the effect of pulmonary hyperinflation on the intensity of heart sounds?
Decrease the intensity
Which of the following conditions can make it difficult to identify S₁ and S₂?
Pleural effusion
What is the effect of obesity on the intensity of heart sounds?
Decrease the intensity
What is the effect of poor cardiac contractility on the intensity of heart sounds?
Decrease the intensity
What is the effect of valvular disease on the intensity of heart sounds?
Decrease the intensity
What is the characteristic of the cardiac murmur produced by an incompetent AV valve?
High-pitched, 'whooshing' systolic murmur
What type of cardiac murmur occurs during S₂ due to blood back-flowing across an incompetent semilunar valve?
Diastolic murmur
What is the characteristic of the cardiac murmur produced by restricted blood flow through a stenotic semilunar valve?
Crescendo-decrescendo sound
What is the underlying cause of an intense S₂ in pulmonary hypertension?
Forceful closure of the pulmonic valve
What is the classification of cardiac murmurs caused by incompetent or stenotic heart valves?
Systolic or diastolic
Learn about the two fundamental types of questions used in patient interviews: Open-Ended and Closed-Ended questions. Understand how to use them to gather information and encourage patients to express their feelings and emotions.
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