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Questions and Answers
Leukocytosis is indicated by an increased number of ______ in the complete blood count.
Leukocytosis is indicated by an increased number of ______ in the complete blood count.
WBC
CSF analysis for meningitis reveals elevated protein and WBC, decreased ______, and increased CSF opening pressure.
CSF analysis for meningitis reveals elevated protein and WBC, decreased ______, and increased CSF opening pressure.
glucose
In patients with anemia, the nursing management includes placing them on complete bed rest and administering ______.
In patients with anemia, the nursing management includes placing them on complete bed rest and administering ______.
Oâ‚‚
The initial sign of a hypertensive stroke in cases of polycythemia is a ______.
The initial sign of a hypertensive stroke in cases of polycythemia is a ______.
Thrombocytopenia leads to decreased platelets, which can result in ______.
Thrombocytopenia leads to decreased platelets, which can result in ______.
Patients with infectious diseases are placed on ______ isolation to protect other patients.
Patients with infectious diseases are placed on ______ isolation to protect other patients.
Conditions like Cushing’s Syndrome and AIDS require ______ isolation due to depressed immune systems.
Conditions like Cushing’s Syndrome and AIDS require ______ isolation due to depressed immune systems.
Enteric isolation is indicated for diseases transmitted via the ______ route.
Enteric isolation is indicated for diseases transmitted via the ______ route.
Measles requires ______ isolation as it is transmitted via airborne droplets.
Measles requires ______ isolation as it is transmitted via airborne droplets.
Patients with asthma typically require ______ isolation.
Patients with asthma typically require ______ isolation.
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Study Notes
Patient Evaluation
- Assess patient extremities for movement and sensation after procedures to determine if nerve damage occurred.
- Analyze Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) for Meningitis:
- Elevated protein and white blood cells
- Decreased glucose
- Increased CSF opening pressure (normal: 50–160 mmHg)
- Positive bacterial culture
- Complete blood count (CBC) for Meningitis reveals leukocytosis (increased white blood cells).
Hematology Notes
- Increased
- Red blood cells: Polycythemia
- White blood cells: Leukocytosis
- Platelets: Thrombocytosis
- Decreased
- Red blood cells: Anemia
- White blood cells: Leukopenia
- Platelets: Thrombocytopenia
Anemia Considerations
- Nursing Diagnosis: Activity Intolerance
- Nursing Management: Complete bed rest and oxygen administration.
Polycythemia
- Causes:
- Agglutination leading to thrombosis and hypertensive stroke.
- Headache as an initial sign of hypertensive stroke.
- Late symptom: Pruritus (itchiness) due to abnormal histamine metabolism.
Thrombocytopenia
- Decreased platelets leading to bleeding and hemorrhage.
- Side effects of platelet dysfunction:
- Ecchymosis (bruising)
- Petechiae/purpura (small red or purple spots)
- Oozing of blood from puncture sites.
- Nursing Management:
- Avoid parental injections.
- Platelet depletion occurs in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC), treated with heparin.
Leukocytosis
- Increased susceptibility to infections.
- Nursing Management:
- Reverse isolation to protect the patient.
Isolation Types
- Reverse Isolation: Protecting the patient from external infection.
- Cushing’s Syndrome
- Aplastic Anemia
- Cancer (any type)
- Prolonged use of steroids
- AIDS
- Post-liver transplant
- Enteric Isolation: Protecting others from fecal-oral transmission.
- Typhoid fever
- Hepatitis A
- Strict Isolation: Protecting others from airborne or droplet-transmitted illnesses.
- Measles
- Mumps
- Pneumonia
- Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB)
- Diphtheria
- Meningitis
- No isolation needed for asthma patients.
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