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Questions and Answers
Leukocytosis is indicated by an increased number of ______ in the complete blood count.
WBC
CSF analysis for meningitis reveals elevated protein and WBC, decreased ______, and increased CSF opening pressure.
glucose
In patients with anemia, the nursing management includes placing them on complete bed rest and administering ______.
Oâ‚‚
The initial sign of a hypertensive stroke in cases of polycythemia is a ______.
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Thrombocytopenia leads to decreased platelets, which can result in ______.
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Patients with infectious diseases are placed on ______ isolation to protect other patients.
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Conditions like Cushing’s Syndrome and AIDS require ______ isolation due to depressed immune systems.
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Enteric isolation is indicated for diseases transmitted via the ______ route.
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Measles requires ______ isolation as it is transmitted via airborne droplets.
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Patients with asthma typically require ______ isolation.
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Study Notes
Patient Evaluation
- Assess patient extremities for movement and sensation after procedures to determine if nerve damage occurred.
- Analyze Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) for Meningitis:
- Elevated protein and white blood cells
- Decreased glucose
- Increased CSF opening pressure (normal: 50–160 mmHg)
- Positive bacterial culture
- Complete blood count (CBC) for Meningitis reveals leukocytosis (increased white blood cells).
Hematology Notes
-
Increased
- Red blood cells: Polycythemia
- White blood cells: Leukocytosis
- Platelets: Thrombocytosis
-
Decreased
- Red blood cells: Anemia
- White blood cells: Leukopenia
- Platelets: Thrombocytopenia
Anemia Considerations
- Nursing Diagnosis: Activity Intolerance
- Nursing Management: Complete bed rest and oxygen administration.
Polycythemia
- Causes:
- Agglutination leading to thrombosis and hypertensive stroke.
- Headache as an initial sign of hypertensive stroke.
- Late symptom: Pruritus (itchiness) due to abnormal histamine metabolism.
Thrombocytopenia
- Decreased platelets leading to bleeding and hemorrhage.
- Side effects of platelet dysfunction:
- Ecchymosis (bruising)
- Petechiae/purpura (small red or purple spots)
- Oozing of blood from puncture sites.
- Nursing Management:
- Avoid parental injections.
- Platelet depletion occurs in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC), treated with heparin.
Leukocytosis
- Increased susceptibility to infections.
- Nursing Management:
- Reverse isolation to protect the patient.
Isolation Types
-
Reverse Isolation: Protecting the patient from external infection.
- Cushing’s Syndrome
- Aplastic Anemia
- Cancer (any type)
- Prolonged use of steroids
- AIDS
- Post-liver transplant
-
Enteric Isolation: Protecting others from fecal-oral transmission.
- Typhoid fever
- Hepatitis A
-
Strict Isolation: Protecting others from airborne or droplet-transmitted illnesses.
- Measles
- Mumps
- Pneumonia
- Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB)
- Diphtheria
- Meningitis
- No isolation needed for asthma patients.
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Description
This quiz focuses on patient evaluation techniques, particularly after medical procedures. It covers the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in relation to meningitis and various hematological conditions, such as polycythemia and anemia. Test your knowledge of nursing diagnosis and management strategies for these conditions.
