Patient Education and Community Health

• This chapter discusses education in relation to healthcare and change, aiming to differentiate education, health, and health education.
• It explains the objectives and processes of health education.
• It differentiates the three types of health education.
• It explains the importance and dimensions of health education.
• It will also discuss the change process, factors affecting change, the management of change, and the impact of change on Filipino health values.

Patient Education

• Patient education supports and enables patients to manage disease and optimize well-being through a planned, interactive learning process.
• Patient education has been apart of healthcare since the first patient was advised about treating his or her ailments.

Historical Foundation

• Health care and teaching were historically pursued by religious orders like sisters and priests.
• Early healers included physicians, midwives, herbalists, and shamans.
• "Albularyos," or local doctors, also provided health care to communities.
• From the 1800s to the 20th century, nursing emergence and technological development influenced patient education.
• Religious sisters were nurses until lay individuals obtained nursing degrees in the 1800s.
• Teaching focused on knowledge transmission without understanding the learning process.

Good Teaching

• Good teaching involves intellectual knowledge, discipline, adaptability, inventiveness, and creativity.
• Teachers must adapt to different situations and students, using creative approaches.
• Nursing teachers must update their knowledge and skills for deeper understanding.
• Good teaching helps prepare students for advancements in technology, nursing practice, patient care, and complex responsibilities.

Health Education

• Health education provides information and learning experiences to change behavior and improve client health.
• It involves knowledge acquisition through information exchange.
• According to the Join Committee of Health Education (2005), it enhances informed decisions for personal, family, and community well-being, facilitating learning and behavioral change for all.

Health Education Process Development

• Health education supports physical, emotional, mental, social, and spiritual health development.
• Green and Ottoson (2012) said that health education relies on regular, consistent, and integrated learning opportunities.
• They advocate for finding productive ways to influence behavior without violating individual freedom.
• Health Education is a planned opportunity for guided learning with goals, objectives, activities, and criteria.
• It happens within a specific setting.
• It introduces concepts at the correct level.
• It is based on previous learning.
• It emphasizes health aspects and the quality of life.
• It involves interaction of the educator to learner.
• "Effective health instruction hinges on two interrelated issues; “What to teach and how to teach it.” -Heidgerken
• Health teachings aim to increase awareness of health values, develop health promotion skills, apply concepts, discuss opinions, and formulate effective decisions.

Purposes of Health Education

• It propagates health promotion and disease prevention.
• It modifies or continues health behaviors.
• It provides health information and services.
• It emphasizes good health habits as part of culture, media, and technology.
• It communicates vital information and advocates for health.

Types of Health Education

• Biological education provides information about human biology and hygiene.
• Health resource education directs individuals to use health care resources sensibly.
• Society and environmental education addresses health choices and related policies.

Dimensions of the Health Education Process

• Substantive or Curricular Dimension
• Procedural or Methodological Dimension
• Environmental or Social Dimension
• Human Relations or Interactional Dimension

Substantive or Curricular Dimension

• This dimension refers to the content specific to nursing ("what is taught and what is learned").
• Course curriculum includes essential information and learning activities to reach a particular purpose.

Procedural or Methodological Dimension

• Methodological dimension consists of teaching strategies that motivate students.
• It includes learner activities planned by teacher, and self-initiated quests for knowledge.
• Teachers should: Help students learn and identify methods that lead learners on their own.

Note

• If learners resist or adapt with difficulty, understand their goals, motivation, change ability, knowledge, and experiences.

Environmental or Social Dimension

• Environmental dimensions focus on physical and social teaching-learning factors, attracting the learner's interest and adapting change.
• Physical factors include classrooms, audiovisual materials, skills and RLE laboratories, home-based and hospital setups, and community health agencies.
• The crucial aspect of the environmental dimension of learning is the human or social factor, relationship between teacher and learners.

Human Relations Dimension

• The human relations considers the relationship of the Nurse Educator with people involved in nursing.
• The individuals are the learners, teachers, administrators, Patients, and Allied Health Personnel.

Aspects of Health Education

• Behavioral Sciences incorporate psychology, sociology, and cultural anthropology to understand behavior.
• Determinants of behavior: psychological predispositions, environmental reinforcements, and socio-cultural context.
• It is desired to have a behavior change, so you need primary behavioral determinants.

Public Health

• Public health agencies commonly promote health.
• Health education is based on epidemiologic information, like the environment, medical care, and personal lifestyle.
• Population dynamics, epidemiology, and biomedical science are rooted in public health.

Education

• Education plays a vital role in health education through teaching and learning practices.
• Areas such as learning theory, educational psychology, human development, teaching techniques, curriculum development, and measurement are all rooted in education literature.

Importance of Health Education

• Enhance knowledge awareness
• Promote health, safety and security of the people
• Develop and improve community resources
• Increases productivity and strength of character
• Disease prevention
• Minimize Cost
• Self-reliant behavior

The Change Process

• Steps include perceiving the need, initiating interaction, implementing change gradually, and evaluating results.

Managing Change

• A management strategy is needed for change.
• Thinking-Practice Strategy: learners behave according based on personal beliefs, interest and motivation.
• Interest and Commitment Strategy: learners consistently act with changing and socio-cultural norms.
• Power and Self Discipline Strategy: learners comply with the authoritative figure in order to bring change.

Factors Affecting Change

• Culture
• Demographics
• Socio-economic Conditions and environmental circumstances
• State of Wellness and Development

Change: Culture

• Culture determines key beliefs and values that shape the learner's change potential and influences their personal characteristics.

Change: Demographics

• Demographics pertain to the learner's age, gender, heredity, and environment.

Change: Socio-Economics

• Learner's adaptability, flexibility, and capabilities affect the quality of the change response.
• The learner's position in the community, social interactions and economic status greatly affects the learner's response to change.

Change: State of Wellness and Development

• The learner's state of well-being and development relates to physical, emotional, intellectual and spiritual health.

Change on Filipino Health Value System:

• Philippines is a classic example of change to state of health.
• Home Remedies: include chinese oils for dizziness, colds, headaches, sore throats, touch, rest, gargle, and fresh air.
• Traditional Healing Techniques: Using lagundi, banaba, pito-pito and other stems and plants.
• Supernatural Healing/Faith Healers: A hollistic belief in healing. Dolores Kreiger states its to help others or oneself.
• Laying of Hands- belief of healer transferring energy.
• Regulated Drugs/Medicines: Are research-based and need prescription from a doctor. They are produced by pharmaceutical companies.
• Over-the-Counter Drugs: Are not research-based, and can be received without a doctors prescription. (Paracetamol, ibuprofen, antacids, and laxatives)