Patient Care and Nervous System Overview
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Questions and Answers

What vital sign is expected in a patient experiencing hypoxia?

  • Normal heart rate
  • Hypotension
  • Bradycardia
  • Tachycardia (correct)

    • Which of the following lung sounds would indicate abnormal function?

  • Auscultated wheezes (correct)
  • Normal breath sounds
  • Silent breathing
  • Vesicular sounds

    • What is a potential consequence of autonomic dysreflexia?

  • Increased heart rate
  • Decreased respiratory rate
  • Increased blood pressure (correct)
  • Decreased body temperature

    • What type of medication is beneficial to reduce inflammation in spinal cord injuries?

    <p>Steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key symptom that may indicate fatigue in a patient with a neuromuscular condition?

    <p>Shortness of breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common sign of early-stage organ failure in a patient?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition may lead to respiratory issues that can be fatal?

    <p>Neonatal growth disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might cause a sympathetic response without the patient being aware of pain?

    <p>Incomplete spinal cord injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a consequence of untreated autonomic dysreflexia?

    <p>Myocardial infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms might suggest autonomic dysreflexia in a patient?

    <p>Severe headache and hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is typically associated with poor prognosis when diagnosed late?

    <p>Ovary cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is likely the reaction of the heart to maintain oxygenation in a hypoxic state?

    <p>Tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best approach for patients to prepare questions for their healthcare provider?

    <p>Write down questions ahead of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What abnormal lung sound should be reported immediately in a clinical setting?

    <p>Stridor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant cause of diabetes as discussed?

    <p>Too little of something</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is associated with diabetes?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What laboratory finding might be expected in a patient with diabetes?

    <p>High blood sugar concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proper terminology for someone who is partially blind?

    <p>Partially sighted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What side effect should be monitored when administering Pimolol?

    <p>Decreased respiratory rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of beta-blockers like Pimolol?

    <p>Blocking adrenaline receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might happen if a patient with diabetes does not receive insulin?

    <p>Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of dehydration in relation to diabetes?

    <p>It raises blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signifies a potential problem in hormone levels in diabetes?

    <p>Unbalanced hormone production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptor do beta-blockers like Pimolol primarily affect?

    <p>beta-adrenergic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically not a recommended diet for a patient with swallowing difficulties?

    <p>Solid foods without modifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided when interacting with a visually impaired person?

    <p>Making sudden movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a sign of increased cranial tension according to the discussion?

    <p>Severe headaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a commonly accepted name for a 'space guy' in medical terms?

    <p>Speech therapist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does STEMI stand for?

    <p>ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases?

    <p>Physical activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lab finding is expected in a patient with polycythemia vera?

    <p>High hemoglobin levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of hydroxyurea in sickle cell disease?

    <p>To reduce the frequency of sickle cell crises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should an AIDS patient take their medication to avoid drug resistance?

    <p>As prescribed for life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is associated with left-sided heart failure?

    <p>Coughing up blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In sickle cell disease, what triggers a crisis?

    <p>Stress or cold temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of sickle cell hemoglobin?

    <p>It forms a sickle shape upon deoxygenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the clinical stages of HIV infection?

    <p>CD4 count determining the transition to AIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an essential precaution for a patient with significant pain?

    <p>To avoid non-cooked food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of administering fluids during a sickle cell crisis?

    <p>To hydrate and prevent sickling of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is essential to determine the severity of HIV infection?

    <p>CD4 count measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected hematologic finding in a patient with sickle cell disease?

    <p>Presence of sickle-shaped cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of hypovolemic shock?

    <p>Severe dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What intervention is typically recommended first to manage hypertension?

    <p>Lifestyle modifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a white cell count under 2000 in an HIV patient?

    <p>Suggests the presence of severe infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action if the patient's temperature rises by one degree Fahrenheit during a blood transfusion?

    <p>Stop the transfusion immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of a cervical spine injury, what type of shock may occur?

    <p>Neurogenic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long should healthcare providers remain in the room after starting a blood transfusion?

    <p>For the first 15 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target blood pressure for defining normality in adults?

    <p>Under 120 over 80</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be checked before administering blood?

    <p>Patient’s ID and blood type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common sign of a reaction during a blood transfusion?

    <p>Rash or itching on the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of hematocrit levels in relation to hemoglobin?

    <p>Hematocrit indicates blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vital sign does NOT indicate a possible transfusion reaction?

    <p>Consistent blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about blood tubing is correct?

    <p>Blood tubing has a wider lumen for administering blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if there is a significant change in blood pressure during a blood transfusion?

    <p>Immediately stop the transfusion and assess the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is at the greatest risk for developing hyperkalemia?

    <p>Patients with kidney disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'foreign invader' refer to in the context of a blood transfusion?

    <p>An antigen from the transfused blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of delayed transfusion reactions on the kidneys?

    <p>Kidney infection due to overload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of shock can result from obstructive causes?

    <p>Obstructive shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should an HIV patient check for signs of infection?

    <p>Every day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the appropriate time to conduct vitals checks during a blood transfusion?

    <p>Before starting the transfusion and 50 minutes into it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sub-category of hypovolemic shock?

    <p>Hemorrhagic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required if the IV fluid is blood?

    <p>Ensure proper blood typing and cross-matching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern with shock, regardless of its type?

    <p>Blood flow to vital organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when monitoring a patient after a cardiac catheterization?

    <p>Monitoring the femoral site for any bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of nitroglycerin during a heart attack?

    <p>To open the coronary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication is primarily used to relieve chest pain during a heart attack?

    <p>Morphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a normal ECG rhythm strip, what follows the QRS complex?

    <p>The T wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the presence of more P waves than QRS complexes on an ECG strip?

    <p>Atrial fibrillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a STEMI indicate during an ECG reading?

    <p>Myocardial infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is oxygen administered to patients experiencing a heart attack?

    <p>To ensure sufficient oxygen supply to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a normal heartbeat pattern on an ECG, what occurs between the P wave and QRS complex?

    <p>A pause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the QRS complex represent on an ECG?

    <p>Ventricular depolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug can prevent further clotting after a heart event?

    <p>Aspirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might an elevated T wave indicate on an ECG?

    <p>Myocardial ischemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of administering blood thinners like heparin after a heart attack?

    <p>To prevent new clots from forming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug is primarily used to manage atrial fibrillation?

    <p>Calcium channel blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason for putting a patient on a bathroom schedule?

    <p>To prevent frequent bed exits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose does a bed alarm serve for patients at risk of falling?

    <p>To notify staff when a patient gets out of bed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What practice can help reduce fall risks in patients' homes?

    <p>Pushing electrical cords against the wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at a synapse?

    <p>Neurotransmitters cross between two nerve cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding age-related changes in older adults?

    <p>Common changes may not necessarily be normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to differentiate between common and abnormal signs in aging?

    <p>To address potential health issues effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential reason for a patient frequently getting out of bed?

    <p>To reach for objects they cannot see</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the relationship between an axon and the target cell at a synapse?

    <p>They are linked through neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of conductive hearing loss?

    <p>It frequently involves the outer or middle ear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glaucoma is considered an emergency?

    <p>Close-angle glaucoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of otitis media in toddlers?

    <p>Positioning while feeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does vision loss progress for most people?

    <p>It typically leads to reduced depth perception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a tympanometry test?

    <p>To measure the pressure in the middle ear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What often indicates that a toddler has an ear infection?

    <p>Pulling on their ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of severe vertigo?

    <p>Desire to stay in a dark room</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of hearing loss?

    <p>Ringing in the ears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do doctors typically advise regarding children lying down while feeding?

    <p>It can lead to ear infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical term is used for the condition of 'ear wax buildup'?

    <p>Cerumen impaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ear drops need to be administered properly?

    <p>With the ear facing upwards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical terminology for a limb that is cold and lacking blood flow?

    <p>Ischemic limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes acute otitis media?

    <p>It often follows upper respiratory infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the sensation of pain in patients experiencing reduced depth perception?

    <p>Pain thresholds become inconsistent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Patient Care and Fall Precautions

    • Fall Prevention: Ensure patient belongings are within reach.
    • Bathroom Scheduling: Assist patients to the restroom according to their needs.
    • Home Modifications: Remove tripping hazards like extension cords.
    • Bed Alarms: Use bed alarms to monitor patient movement.
    • Patient safety: Protect patients from falls and injuries in hospitals and home.

    Nervous System and Synapses

    • Synapse: The junction between two nerve cells where neurotransmitters pass.
    • Location: Between the axon of one nerve cell and the dendrite of another.
    • Neurotransmission: Neurotransmitters cross the synapse.
    • Dementia: Changes in cognitive function can be influenced by age but are not part of typical aging.

    Neuromuscular Conditions

    • Respiratory Issues: Conditions that impact the neuromuscular system can lead to respiratory problems and even death.

    Signs and Symptoms

    • Synthetic Nervous System: Symptoms related to the nerves.
    • Autonomic Dysreflexia: Triggered by pain or discomfort, causing a sympathetic response and potential blood pressure issues.
    • Fatigue: May be a sign of underlying issues.
    • Vertigo: Associated with potential vomiting and motion sensitivity in patients.

    Other Medical Conditions

    • Ovarian Cancer: Typically carries a poor prognosis.
    • Diabetes: Causes dehydration, high blood pressure, and potentially low electrolyte levels.

    Diagnostic Tests

    • VDRL: Initial diagnostic test for syphilis.

    Patient Positioning

    • Side Positioning: Protecting the head is usually important.

    Medical Terminology

    • Partially Blind: Described as visually impaired.
    • Opioid Limb: A type of injury that includes a melty look.

    Medications

    • Pimolol: Used for glaucoma, lowers blood pressure but has a weaker effect.

    Patient Reactions to Treatments

    • Blood Transfusion Reactions: Be Vigilant. Watch for reactions within the first 15 minutes.
    • Signs of Reaction: Fever, rash, changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and the general appearance of the patient
    • Interventions: Provide oxygen, stop the transfusion, and notify the physician.

    Vital Signs

    • Tachycardia: Rapid heart rate.
    • Avid: Any unusual respiratory sound.
    • Hypotension: Low blood pressure.

    Nursing Interventions

    • Steroids and Spinal Cord Injury: Reduce inflammation to decrease damage.
    • Patient Education: Explain how patient behaviours influence various procedures and medications
    • Emergency Preparedness: Know what questions to consider for patients facing serious health concerns and how to respond to the patient's needs.
    • Diagnostic Tests: Follow up with proper medical care and proper tests to diagnose and treat the patient.
    • Proper Handling: Handle patients with the appropriate care and follow hospital procedures for transporting and treating them.

    General Medical Concerns

    • Heart Attacks: Identify potential symptoms (e.g., ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)).
    • Blood Pressure: Measure blood pressure regularly.
    • Diabetes Management: Treat blood sugar levels.
    • HIV Care: Teach patients about infections and precautions to prevent disease spread.
    • Trauma: Deal with the needs of patients and provide care based on the need of the patient's medical condition.
    • Shock: Recognize different types of shock, and treatment and intervention methods

    Lab Values

    • Electrolytes: Monitor electrolyte levels.
    • Hemoglobin and Hematocrit: Important lab values for various conditions, including anemia and blood disorders
    • White Blood Cell Count: A low white blood cell count (under 2000) may be a concern for infections.
    • Signs of infection: Monitor for fever, rash and other significant changes, and consider infections in patients with low white cells. This should be followed to the appropriate medical personnel.

    Neurological Conditions

    • Cranial Tension: Note signs and symptoms related to elevated intracranial pressure.
    • Brain Health: Assess signs of improving brain health.

    Medical Procedures

    • Cardiac Catheterization: Monitor for complications like femoral bleeding.
    • Blood Transfusion: Perform proper patient identification, cross-matching, and monitoring.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential topics in patient care, including fall precautions and safety measures. It also delves into the nervous system, discussing synapses, neurotransmission, and age-related changes affecting cognitive functions. Test your knowledge on neuromuscular conditions and their implications.

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