Patient Advocacy and Decision Making in Healthcare

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Which principle is based on the belief that patients are entitled to services based on need, regardless of the ability to pay?

Autonomy

Veracity

Justice (correct)

Beneficence

What does the principle of beneficence require nurses to do for patients?

Make sound decisions serving patients' best interests (correct)

Act based on patient desires only

Ignore patients' needs for their convenience

Override patient wishes for the greater good

Which principle relates to respecting the right of patients to make their own healthcare decisions?

Beneficence

Autonomy (correct)

Justice

Veracity

What is the term for written defamation of character?

Libel Signup and view all the answers

Which principle emphasizes truthfulness, especially important for older adults who are vulnerable?

Veracity Signup and view all the answers

What action constitutes false imprisonment in a healthcare setting?

Preventing a patient from leaving without a valid reason Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diet is no longer recommended for dehydration in infants and children?

BRAT diet (bananas, rice cereal, applesauce, and toast) Signup and view all the answers

What can cause urine to appear red?

Certain drugs like L-dopa Signup and view all the answers

In normal conditions, what color should urine be?

Straw to light yellow Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal smell of fresh urine?

Slightly aromatic Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of urine may change if a person has a bacterial infection?

Odor from aromatic to musty Signup and view all the answers

What can cause urine to have an ammonia-like odor as it stands?

$\text{High glucose content}$ Signup and view all the answers

What should nurses advise patients to do in order to ensure their wishes are respected in healthcare decisions?

Communicate their desires in advance directives and legally-binding documents Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for nurses to review their personal value systems?

To understand their unique comfort zone with specific ethical issues Signup and view all the answers

What is one way nurses can gain a wider perspective on ethical issues within nursing?

Reading medical literature and discussing with colleagues Signup and view all the answers

Why might literature outside the nursing field be helpful in ethical decision-making?

It offers a different perspective to provoke critical thinking Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of forming an ethics committee within a healthcare setting?

To develop policies and investigate unethical behavior Signup and view all the answers

Who can provide interesting perspectives on ethical issues apart from health team members according to the text?

Members of the clergy, attorneys, and ethicists Signup and view all the answers

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood cells are the primary phagocytes in the cellular stage of inflammation?

Neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of histamine release in the inflammatory process?

To increase vessel permeability Signup and view all the answers

Which type of exudate may contain red blood cells?

Sanguinous exudate Signup and view all the answers

What determines the amount of exudate released from a wound?

The size and location of the wound Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of inflammation involves constriction followed by vasodilatation of small blood vessels?

Vascular stage Signup and view all the answers

What are the common symptoms associated with orthostatic hypotension?

Dizziness, blurred vision, and fatigue Signup and view all the answers

Why might older adults experience orthostatic hypotension without symptoms?

Due to a higher tolerance to blood pressure changes Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of orthostatic hypotension?

Dehydration or blood loss Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended nonpharmacologic intervention to control orthostatic hypotension?

Moving slowly after a period of bed rest Signup and view all the answers

Why is it recommended to assist a patient to a sitting position on the side of the bed before standing?

To assess for dizziness or faintness before standing up Signup and view all the answers

Why is it recommended to administer contributing medications at bedtime for orthostatic hypotension?

To avoid potential side effects during the day Signup and view all the answers