Pathophysiology Week 11: Musculoskeletal Changes and Arthritis

Osteoarthritis = Malaise and fever Rheumatoid Arthritis = Joint deformity (nodes)

Osteoporosis = Vitamin D deficiency Osteomalacia = Hormonal imbalance Rheumatoid Arthritis = Malnutrition Osteoarthritis = Vitamin D deficiency

Compartment Syndrome = Malaise and fever Malignant Hyperthermia = Pain, pallor, poikilothermia, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis Rhabdomyolysis = Joint deformity (nodes)

<p>Contractures = Muscle wasting Atrophy = Loss of ability of tissues to perform/function as intended Osteoporosis = Soft bones Osteomalacia = Demineralized bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rheumatoid Arthritis = Local, regional, may affect 1 or more planes Osteoarthritis = Symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoporosis = Soft bones Osteomalacia = Demineralized bones Rheumatoid Arthritis = Delayed mineralization of osteoid tissue Osteoarthritis = Loss of mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kyphosis = Structural collapse Lordosis = Creaking/popping noises with activity Scoliosis = Pain, pallor, poikilothermia, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoporosis = Vitamin D deficiency Rheumatoid Arthritis = Malnutrition Osteoarthritis = Hormonal imbalance Osteomalacia = Decreased mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rhabdomyolysis = Muscle wasting Malignant Hyperthermia = Loss of ability of tissues to perform/function as intended Compartment Syndrome = Severe allergic reaction to anesthetics Atrophy = Increased pressure within muscle compartment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoporosis = Decreased mobility/activity Osteomalacia = Malnutrition and cachexia Rheumatoid Arthritis = Increased mobility and ROM Osteoarthritis = Nerve damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibromyalgia = Increased sensitivity to touch and unexplained pain Chronic Fatigue Syndrome = Profound fatigue and 'brain fog' Gout = Breakdown of purines and increased serum uric acid Osteomyelitis = Infection affecting bony structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comminuted fracture = Breaks and splinters into multiple pieces Greenstick fracture = Bowing or bending of a bone without breaking in pediatric patients Pathologic fracture = Fracture caused by a disease or weakened bone Linear fracture = A break in the bone that occurs in a straight line</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sprain = Stretching or tearing of connective tissue involving joints Strain = Stretching or tearing of connective tissue involving muscles Avulsion = Tendon and/or ligament separates from bone Subluxation = Partial disconnect of bony surfaces of a joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paget disease = New bone growth is misshapen and frail Ankylosing Spondylitis = Stiffening and fusion of joints Osteomyelitis = Infection of bony structures Gout = Crystallization of urate in synovial fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibromyalgia = Generalized idiopathic pain Gout = Joints, particularly the great toe Osteomyelitis = Bony structures Ankylosing Spondylitis = Spine and sacroiliac joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct healing = Primary bone formation with no callus formation Indirect healing = Secondary bone formation with callus formation Open fracture = Fracture with an open wound Closed fracture = Fracture with no open wound</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fatigue and lack of restorative sleep = Fibromyalgia Profound fatigue and 'brain fog' = Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Acute pain and swelling in a joint = Gout Increased sensitivity to touch and unexplained pain = Fibromyalgia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paget disease = Genetic and environmental factors Ankylosing Spondylitis = Hereditary factor (HLA B27 antigen) Gout = Breakdown of purines and increase in serum uric acid Osteomyelitis = Bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibromyalgia = Restricted ROM due to muscle pain and fatigue Ankylosing Spondylitis = Stiffening and eventual fusion of joints Gout = Acute pain and swelling in a joint Osteomyelitis = Inflammation and swelling in affected joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disuse atrophy = Reduction in muscle fiber size due to prolonged inactivity Isometric movement = Muscle contraction without joint movement Passive lengthening exercise = Stretching exercises to improve ROM Trauma = Injury caused by external forces or events</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypermetabolic state = A state of lower cellular metabolic needs Rhabdomyolysis = Rapid breakdown of muscle that causes the release of intracellular contents into the extracellular space and bloodstream Tachycardia = A slow heart rate Tachypnea = A slow breathing rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Malignant Hyperthermia = Muscle pain, weakness, and dark urine Fibromyalgia = Rapid breakdown of muscle that causes the release of intracellular contents into the extracellular space and bloodstream Rhabdomyolysis = Fever, tachycardia, and muscle rigidity Chronic Fatigue = Weakness and muscle pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MHS gene = Causes Rhabdomyolysis Muscle-contracture test = Predicts Malignant Hyperthermia Acute renal failure = Result of Fibromyalgia Electrolyte imbalances = Result of Rhabdomyolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibromyalgia = A chronic condition characterized by widespread muscle pain and fatigue Chronic Fatigue = A syndrome characterized by persistent fatigue that is not relieved by rest Rhabdomyolysis = A rapid breakdown of muscle that causes the release of intracellular contents into the extracellular space and bloodstream Malignant Hyperthermia = A condition characterized by fever, tachycardia, and muscle rigidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rhabdomyolysis = Caused by genetic mutation and can be diagnosed when enzyme reaches about 1000 units/L Malignant Hyperthermia = Can be predicted with muscle-contracture test Fibromyalgia = Characterized by widespread muscle pain and fatigue Chronic Fatigue = Result of Rhabdomyolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myoglobin = A protein pigment released into the extracellular space and bloodstream during Rhabdomyolysis Malignant Hyperthermia = Caused by general anesthetics Fibromyalgia = Characterized by rapid breakdown of muscle Chronic Fatigue = A syndrome characterized by muscle rigidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rhabdomyolysis = Preventing kidney failure and maintaining adequate urinary output Malignant Hyperthermia = Preventing acute renal failure and electrolyte imbalances Fibromyalgia = Treating with muscle relaxants Chronic Fatigue = Treating with pain relievers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rhabdomyolysis = Can result in acute renal failure and electrolyte imbalances Malignant Hyperthermia = Can result in death if not treated emergently Fibromyalgia = Can result in chronic pain and fatigue Chronic Fatigue = Can result in muscle weakness and pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tired = A temporary state of physical or mental exhaustion Fatigued = A chronic state of physical or mental exhaustion Malignant Hyperthermia = A condition characterized by fever, tachycardia, and muscle rigidity Rhabdomyolysis = A rapid breakdown of muscle that causes the release of intracellular contents into the extracellular space and bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rhabdomyolysis = Characterized by muscle pain, weakness, and dark urine Malignant Hyperthermia = Characterized by fever, tachycardia, and muscle rigidity Fibromyalgia = Characterized by widespread muscle pain and fatigue Chronic Fatigue = Characterized by persistent fatigue that is not relieved by rest</p> Signup and view all the answers