Pathophysiology of Shock

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What is the primary mechanism by which oxygen and carbon dioxide cross the walls of the alveoli?

Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
Diffusion (correct)
Osmosis

What is the result of poor perfusion in terms of carbon dioxide removal?

Decreased bicarbonate production
Increased carbon dioxide exhalation
Impaired carbon dioxide transportation out of tissues (correct)
Enhanced oxygen delivery to tissues

What is the primary role of hemoglobin in the context of oxygen delivery?

Transporting oxygen from lungs to tissues (correct)
Carrying carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs
Maintaining blood pressure
Regulating blood pH levels

What is the term for the balance of all systems in the body?

Homeostasis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of inadequate cellular perfusion?

Cellular injury or death (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which carbon dioxide combines with water in the bloodstream to form bicarbonate?

Hydration reaction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the capillary sphincters in the regulation of blood flow?

To regulate blood flow through the capillary beds (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the pressure of blood within the vessels at any moment in time?

Blood pressure (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary response of the autonomic nervous system during a state of shock?

To increase heart rate and vasoconstriction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of inadequate function of the heart, or pump failure, in cardiogenic shock?

Pulmonary edema (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the amount of force the heart generates with each contraction?

Pulse pressure (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism that regulates blood flow through the capillary beds?

Capillary sphincters (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the volume of blood that the heart can pump per minute?

Cardiac output (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of distributive shock?

Widespread dilation of small arterioles, small venules, or both (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system in response to shock?

To assume more control of the body's functions during a state of shock (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the three parts of the cardiovascular system that work together to maintain perfusion?

Perfusion triangle (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of emergency treatment for a patient with neurogenic shock?

Obtaining and maintaining a proper airway (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective treatment for a severe, acute allergic reaction?

Administering epinephrine by way of intramuscular injection (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to suspect another problem in a patient who reports not being able to walk after a fall thought to be related to psychogenic shock?

Because they may have suffered a head injury (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration when treating older patients in shock?

They may take numerous medications that could either mask or mimic signs of shock (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of transporting a patient with hypovolemic shock to the ED?

To provide further evaluation and treatment for shock (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial step in treating anaphylactic shock?

Trying to find out what agent caused the reaction and how it was received (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of septic shock?

Toxins generated by bacterial infections (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of neurogenic shock?

Widespread dilation of vessels (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a drop in blood pressure in shock?

It indicates that shock is well developed (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary assessment for a patient with suspected shock?

Rapid exam to determine level of consciousness (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for life-threatening external bleeding in a patient with suspected shock?

Address bleeding first, then airway and breathing (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a rapid pulse in a patient with suspected shock?

It indicates compensated shock (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of anaphylactic shock?

Temporary, generalized vasodilation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of assessing for a distal pulse in a patient with suspected shock?

It reveals important clues regarding the presence of shock (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for a patient with no pulse and no breathing in shock?

Begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to expect shock in many emergency medical situations?

Because it can be deadly if not treated promptly (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in assessing a patient's condition?

Quickly assess skin temperature, color, and capillary refill time (A) Signup and view all the answers

When should a secondary assessment of the entire body be performed?

If the patient gives a poor initial general impression or has problems noted in the primary assessment (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of treating shock?

To support the cardiovascular system (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration when treating patients with cardiogenic shock?

Avoiding nitroglycerin due to hypotension (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definitive treatment for cardiac tamponade?

Surgery (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical step in treating tension pneumothorax?

Chest decompression (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration when treating septic shock?

Supporting ventilations as needed (B) Signup and view all the answers

When should manual in-line stabilization be performed?

If the patient's airway is compromised (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency for recording vital signs during transport?

Every 5 minutes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration when treating patients with shock?

Providing comfort and reassurance to the patient (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of treating a patient with psychogenic shock?

To restore circulation to the brain (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of shock is particularly concerning in older patients due to potential medication interactions?

Cardiogenic shock (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason to suspect another problem in a patient who reports not being able to walk after a fall thought to be related to psychogenic shock?

Potential head injury (C) Signup and view all the answers

In what type of shock is it particularly important to control all obvious external bleeding?

Hypovolemic shock (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended method of oxygen administration for a patient with anaphylactic shock?

High-flow oxygen via nonrebreathing mask (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of shock may be caused by a severe, acute allergic reaction?

Anaphylactic shock (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of emergency treatment for a patient with neurogenic shock?

To maintain airway, breathing, and circulation (D) Signup and view all the answers

In what type of shock is it particularly important to consider requesting ALS backup, if available?

Anaphylactic shock (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason to transport a patient with suspected hypovolemic shock to the ED?

To receive aggressive general support (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended method of transporting a patient with suspected hypovolemic shock?

Rapid transportation to the ED (D) Signup and view all the answers

Pathophysiology of Shock

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism by which oxygen and carbon dioxide cross the walls of the alveoli?

What is the result of poor perfusion in terms of carbon dioxide removal?

What is the primary role of hemoglobin in the context of oxygen delivery?

What is the term for the balance of all systems in the body?

What is the consequence of inadequate cellular perfusion?

What is the process by which carbon dioxide combines with water in the bloodstream to form bicarbonate?

What is the primary function of the capillary sphincters in the regulation of blood flow?

What is the term for the pressure of blood within the vessels at any moment in time?

What is the primary response of the autonomic nervous system during a state of shock?

What is the result of inadequate function of the heart, or pump failure, in cardiogenic shock?

What is the term for the amount of force the heart generates with each contraction?

What is the primary mechanism that regulates blood flow through the capillary beds?

What is the term for the volume of blood that the heart can pump per minute?

What is the primary cause of distributive shock?

What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system in response to shock?

What is the term for the three parts of the cardiovascular system that work together to maintain perfusion?

What is the primary goal of emergency treatment for a patient with neurogenic shock?

What is the most effective treatment for a severe, acute allergic reaction?

Why is it important to suspect another problem in a patient who reports not being able to walk after a fall thought to be related to psychogenic shock?

What is a key consideration when treating older patients in shock?

What is the primary goal of transporting a patient with hypovolemic shock to the ED?

What is a crucial step in treating anaphylactic shock?

What is the primary cause of septic shock?

What is the result of neurogenic shock?

What is the significance of a drop in blood pressure in shock?

What is the primary assessment for a patient with suspected shock?

What is the treatment for life-threatening external bleeding in a patient with suspected shock?

What is the significance of a rapid pulse in a patient with suspected shock?

What is the result of anaphylactic shock?

What is the significance of assessing for a distal pulse in a patient with suspected shock?

What is the treatment for a patient with no pulse and no breathing in shock?

Why is it important to expect shock in many emergency medical situations?

What is the first step in assessing a patient's condition?

When should a secondary assessment of the entire body be performed?

What is the primary goal of treating shock?

What is a key consideration when treating patients with cardiogenic shock?

What is the definitive treatment for cardiac tamponade?

What is a critical step in treating tension pneumothorax?

What is a key consideration when treating septic shock?

When should manual in-line stabilization be performed?

What is the recommended frequency for recording vital signs during transport?

What is a key consideration when treating patients with shock?

What is the primary goal of treating a patient with psychogenic shock?

Which type of shock is particularly concerning in older patients due to potential medication interactions?

What is the primary reason to suspect another problem in a patient who reports not being able to walk after a fall thought to be related to psychogenic shock?

In what type of shock is it particularly important to control all obvious external bleeding?

What is the recommended method of oxygen administration for a patient with anaphylactic shock?

Which type of shock may be caused by a severe, acute allergic reaction?

What is the primary goal of emergency treatment for a patient with neurogenic shock?

In what type of shock is it particularly important to consider requesting ALS backup, if available?

What is the primary reason to transport a patient with suspected hypovolemic shock to the ED?

What is the recommended method of transporting a patient with suspected hypovolemic shock?

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