Pathophysiology of Lung Inflammation

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What is the result of the mediator's action on pulmonary capillaries?

Complete rupture of pulmonary capillaries
Increased capillary membrane permeability (correct)
No change in capillary membrane permeability
Decreased capillary membrane permeability

During which phase does cellular granulation and collagen deposition occur?

Fibro-proliferative Phase (correct)
Recovery Phase
Exudative Phase
Resolution Phase

What happens to the hyaline membranes during the Resolution Phase?

They are cleared (correct)
They are replaced
They are formed
They remain unchanged

What is a sign of the Exudative Phase?

Parenchymal surface hemorrhage (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of administering high Fio2 levels?

To increase oxygenation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the Fibro-proliferative Phase?

Intra alveolar atelectasis (A) Signup and view all the answers

When should mechanical ventilation be initiated in a patient with ARDS?

When the patient is experiencing cardiovascular instability or severe hypoxemia (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is sedation and analgesia necessary after intubation in a patient with ARDS?

To minimize oxygen consumption and maximize gas exchange (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred route of nutrition in patients with ARDS?

Enteral nutrition (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of prone positioning in patients with severe ARDS and refractory hypoxemia?

Greater than 12 hours a day (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for positioning a patient with acute pulmonary embolism in a sitting or semi-Fowler's position?

To prevent oxygen desaturation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the nurse to discuss gentamycin with the healthcare provider before administration in a patient with ARDS and acute renal failure?

Nephrotoxicity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common source of emboli in acute pulmonary embolism?

Pelvic and deep leg veins (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ECMO in patients with severe ARDS?

To improve oxygenation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a massive pulmonary embolism on the pulmonary vascular bed?

Occlusion of the pulmonary vascular bed (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering heparin in the emergency management of acute pulmonary embolism?

To prevent further clots from forming (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the three predisposing factors of acute pulmonary embolism?

Vichow's Triad (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diagnostic tests is used to measure the level of D-dimer in the blood?

D-dimer (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of administrating inotropic agents and intravenous fluids in pulmonary embolism patients?

To reverse hemodynamic effects of pulmonary hypertension (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main indication for fibrinolytic therapy in pulmonary embolism patients?

Massive cases (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the nurse in managing a patient with COPD?

Optimizing oxygenation and ventilation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely diagnosis of a patient with a chronic productive cough, dyspnea on excretion, and cyanosis?

COPD (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of airflow obstruction in COPD?

Irreversible airflow obstruction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying cause of COPD?

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Chronic Bronchitis?

Presence of chronic productive cough for 3 or more months in each of 2 successive years (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the destruction of elastin and collagen in Emphysema?

Trapped air leading to hyperinflation (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why does less air flow in and out of the airways in COPD?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Chest X-ray in COPD diagnosis?

To provide evidence of COPD and specific x-ray findings for the cause of ARF (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of Breathing Retraining in COPD management?

To improve ventilation and oxygenation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Nursing Management in COPD?