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Questions and Answers
What is the term for a decrease in the number of leukocytes in the blood?
What is the term for an increase in the number of neutrophils in the blood?
What is the term for a shift in the maturity of neutrophils in the blood?
What is the term for a decrease in the number of granulocytes in the blood?
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What is the term for an increase in the number of eosinophils in the blood?
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What is the term for a cancer of the blood and bone marrow?
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What is the term for an increase in the number of monocytes in the blood?
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What is the term for a decrease in the number of lymphocytes in the blood?
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What is leukocytosis characterized by?
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What is the primary cell type affected in CLL?
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What is the most common finding in CLL?
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What is the survival rate for CLL?
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What is the primary cell type affected in CML?
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What is the treatment for CML?
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What is the progression of CML?
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What is the survival rate for CML?
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Study Notes
Leukocyte Disorders
- Leukopenia: a decrease in the number of leukocytes (white blood cells) in the blood
- Leukocytosis: an increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood, which can be a normal response to stress or infection or a pathological condition
Neutrophil-related Disorders
- Neutrophilia: an increase in the number of neutrophils in the blood
- Neutropenia: a decrease in the number of neutrophils in the blood
- Shift-to-the-left: a shift in the neutrophil maturation curve, where immature neutrophils are released into the bloodstream
Other Leukocyte Disorders
- Granulocytopenia: a decrease in the number of granulocytes (a type of leukocyte) in the blood, often caused by drug reactions or infections
- Eosinophilia: an increase in the number of eosinophils in the blood, often caused by parasitic infections or allergic reactions
- Basophilia: an increase in the number of basophils in the blood, often associated with inflammatory reactions
- Basopenia: a decrease in the number of basophils in the blood
- Monocytosis: an increase in the number of monocytes in the blood, often associated with chronic infections or inflammation
- Monocytopenia: a decrease in the number of monocytes in the blood
- Lymphocytosis: an increase in the number of lymphocytes in the blood, often associated with viral infections
- Lymphocytopenia: a decrease in the number of lymphocytes in the blood
Infectious Mononucleosis
- Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
- Transmitted through contact with saliva or mucus
- Clinical manifestations: fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes
- Diagnostic testing: blood tests for EBV antibodies and monospot test
Leukemia
- A type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow
- Predominant cells of origin: lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, or erythrocytes
- Types of leukemia: acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
Acute vs Chronic Leukemia
- Acute leukemia: rapid progression, high mortality rate, and treatment-dependent survival rate
- Chronic leukemia: slow progression, low mortality rate, and treatment-dependent survival rate
Leukemia Types
- ALL: most common in children, rapid progression, 91% survival rate, and primary cell of origin is lymphoblasts and B cells
- AML: most common in adults, rapid progression, 24% survival rate, and primary cell of origin is precursor myeloid cells
- CLL: most common in adults, slow progression, 85% survival rate, and primary cell of origin is monoclonal B lymphocytes
- CML: most common in adults, slow progression, no cure, and primary cell of origin is neutrophilic or eosinophilic or clonal cells arising from a hematopoietic stem cell
Clinical Manifestations of Leukemia
- Acute leukemia: fever, fatigue, and bleeding
- Chronic leukemia: infections, fever, and weight loss, with painless splenomegaly in CML
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Description
This quiz covers the definitions and explanations of various leukocyte-related terms, including leukopenia, leukocytosis, and pathophysiology of leukemias.
