Pathophysiology of Hypertension

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What is the primary function of the baroreceptor reflex in maintaining blood pressure?

To sense changes in blood pressure and regulate it back to a set point (correct)

To increase cardiac contractility and heart rate

To decrease total peripheral resistance

To regulate renal function and influence vascular tone

Which system is responsible for regulating renal function and influencing vascular tone in the long term?

Autonomic nervous system

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (correct)

Baroreceptor reflex

Pressure natriuresis

What is the effect of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation on heart rate?

Variable effect on heart rate

Decreased heart rate

No effect on heart rate

Increased heart rate (correct)

What is the primary cause of primary hypertension?

Unknown or no identifiable cause Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the autonomic nervous system on total peripheral resistance (TPR)?

Increases TPR Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pressure natriuresis system in maintaining blood pressure?

To regulate renal function to stabilize blood volume Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the blood pressure when the blood volume falls?

It decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased pressure in afferent arterioles on glomerular filtration?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors in reducing blood pressure?

Inhibiting the production and effects of angiotensin 2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the side effect of ACE inhibitors in 5-10% of patients?

Chronic dry cough Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Ca2+ channel blockers in reducing blood pressure?

Inhibiting the contraction of blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of activated RAAS on pressure natriuresis?

It decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the body?

To control blood pressure and blood volume Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released from the adrenal cortex in response to angiotensin II?

Aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of angiotensin II on the sensitivity of the baroreceptor reflex to blood pressure?

Decreases sensitivity Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system stimulates the release of renin from the juxtaglomerular cells?

Sympathetic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased arterial blood pressure on sodium excretion in the kidneys?

Decreases sodium reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II?

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) Signup and view all the answers

Pathophysiology of Hypertension

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