Pathophysiology Introduction: Cell Structure & Function

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What occurs when a higher-than-expected number of cases of an infectious disease occur within a given area?

Infection spike

Epidemic (correct)

Disease outbreak

Pandemic

What is the term for a decrease in the size of cells, resulting in reduced tissue mass?

Metaplasia

Atrophy (correct)

Hypertrophy

Hyperplasia

What type of cell damage occurs due to a deficit of oxygen in the cells?

Dysplasia

Hypoxia

Ischemia (correct)

Anaplasia

What is the term for the formation of a 'new growth', commonly known as a tumor?

Neoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue necrosis occurs when dead cells liquefy due to the release of cell enzymes?

Liquefaction necrosis Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when an area of necrotic tissue is invaded by bacteria?

Gangrene Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a form of coagulation necrosis that forms a thick, yellowish 'cheesy' substance?

Caseous necrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a physical damage that can cause cell damage?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an increase in cell size, resulting in enlarged tissue mass?

Hypertrophy Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an increase in the number of cells, resulting in an enlarged tissue mass?

Hyperplasia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of temporary airway narrowing in asthma?

Bronchial inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of chronic inflammation in asthma patients?

Damage to the lung tissue Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is NOT commonly associated with asthma?

Fever Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of health?

Physical, mental, and social well-being Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of health indicators?

To monitor population health Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to justify the testing of a treatment in a clinical trial?

To prevent redundant research Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between pathophysiology and clinical trials?

Pathophysiology informs the development of clinical trials Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the student activity in the example of pathophysiology?

To determine the pathophysiology of a disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of identifying a specific disease?

To diagnose the disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the development of a disease?

Pathogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an acute disease?

Develops quickly, marked signs, short term Signup and view all the answers

What is a subclinical state?

Pathologic changes occur, no obvious manifestations Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the factors that promote disease development?

Predisposing factors Signup and view all the answers

What is obtained from a medical history?

Current and prior illnesses, allergies, hospitalizations, and treatment Signup and view all the answers

Why is obtaining a health history important?

To understand the patient's overall health Signup and view all the answers

What is a latent state?

No symptoms or clinical signs are evident Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of pathophysiology?

The study of functional changes in the body during disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of homeostasis in the body?

It is crucial for the body's survival and proper functioning Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between pathophysiology and anatomy and physiology?

Pathophysiology builds on the knowledge of anatomy and physiology Signup and view all the answers

What type of questions are typically asked in pathophysiology?

What are the mechanisms responsible for disease onset, progression, and recovery? Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of understanding cell adaptation in pathophysiology?

It helps to understand how cells respond to changes in their environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between disease and homeostasis?

Disease is a disruption of homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of learning objectives in pathophysiology?

Describing current issues in pathophysiology Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a system that maintains homeostasis in the body?

The body's temperature regulation system Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a disease that spreads across many regions of the globe?

Pandemic Signup and view all the answers

What type of cellular adaptation occurs when mature cells are replaced by a different type of mature cell?

Metaplasia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a decrease in oxygen in tissues?

Hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell damage occurs due to excessive heat or cold?

Physical damage Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an area of dead cells due to oxygen deprivation?

Infarction Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue necrosis occurs when fatty tissue is broken down into fatty acids?

Fat necrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for abnormal metabolites that occur due to genetic disorders?

Inborn errors of metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an increase in the number of cells, resulting in an enlarged tissue mass, that is related to cellular adaptations?

Hyperplasia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the period of recovery from a disease?

Convalescence Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the collection of signs and symptoms of a disease?

Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the unwanted outcomes of a primary condition?

Sequelae Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the probability of recovery or other outcomes from a disease?

Prognosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the science of identifying the causative factors and tracking the pattern or occurrence of disease?

Epidemiology Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the number of new cases of a disease in a specific population within a specified time?

Incidence Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition that triggers an acute episode of a disease?

Precipitating factor Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the treatment measures to promote recovery or slow the progress of a disease?

Therapy Signup and view all the answers