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Questions and Answers
What is hypertrophy in the context of cellular adaptation?
What is hypertrophy in the context of cellular adaptation?
- Decrease in cell size
- Increase in cell number
- Increase in cell size (correct)
- Change in cell type
Which of the following best describes atrophy?
Which of the following best describes atrophy?
- Increase in cell number
- Change in cell type
- Increase in cell size
- Decrease in cell size and number (correct)
What type of inflammation is characterized by immediate response and symptoms such as redness and swelling?
What type of inflammation is characterized by immediate response and symptoms such as redness and swelling?
- Subacute inflammation
- Chronic inflammation
- Delayed inflammation
- Acute inflammation (correct)
In which condition would you expect to find hyperplasia?
In which condition would you expect to find hyperplasia?
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Which cells are primarily involved in the process of acute inflammation?
Which cells are primarily involved in the process of acute inflammation?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Pathophysiology
- Focuses on the functional changes resulting from disease or syndromes.
Cellular Adaptation
- Hypertrophy: Refers to an increase in cell size, often seen in conditions such as cardiac hypertrophy caused by hypertension.
- Hyperplasia: Involves an increase in cell number, exemplified by endometrial hyperplasia, which can occur due to hormonal changes.
- Atrophy: Represents a decrease in both cell size and number, commonly observed in muscle atrophy resulting from disuse or immobilization.
- Metaplasia: Indicates a transformation in cell type, such as squamous metaplasia in the respiratory tract due to the irritative effects of smoking.
Inflammation
- Acute inflammation: The body's immediate response to injury or infection, marked by signs of redness, heat, swelling, and pain.
- Key players in acute inflammation: Include neutrophils (first responders), macrophages (clean up and orchestrate response), and histamines (mediators of vasodilation and increased permeability).
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