10 Questions
Which of the following complications can chocolate cyst (ovarian endometriosis) lead to?
Reactive fibrosis
What is the main cause of increased number of cells in endometrial hyperplasia?
Prolonged estrogen stimulation
Which of the following features are present in adenocarcinoma but absent in severe/atypical hyperplasia?
Marked pleomorphism and loss of polarity
What is the most common benign tumor in females during active reproductive life?
Leiomyoma or fibroma
What is the main difference between endometriosis and adenomyosis?
Endometriosis involves the presence of endometrial glands/tissue or stroma in abnormal sites outside the uterus, while adenomyosis involves the growth of the basal layer of endometrium down into the myometrium.
What stimulates the growth of leiomyoma or fibroma (benign tumor of myometrium)?
Estrogen and OCP (oral contraceptive pills)
Which theory of pathogenesis explains the occurrence of ovarian endometriosis?
Regurgitation theory (Theory I): Back flow of endometrial tissue through the fallopian tubes during menstruation.
Why is the occurrence of menstrual bleeding in the ovaries due to endometriosis considered problematic?
It leads to the formation of cysts and bleeding in a closed area, known as Chocolate cyst.
Which of the following is an extra-pelvic site of endometriosis according to the provided information?
Umbilicus
What distinguishes endometriosis from being classified as neoplasia or inflammation?
It involves endometrial tissue outside the uterus but is neither a neoplasia nor an inflammation.
Study Notes
Complications of Endometriosis
- Chocolate cysts (ovarian endometriosis) can lead to complications such as adhesions, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility.
Endometrial Hyperplasia
- The main cause of increased number of cells in endometrial hyperplasia is prolonged exposure to estrogen.
Adenocarcinoma vs. Severe/Atypical Hyperplasia
- Features present in adenocarcinoma but absent in severe/atypical hyperplasia include stromal invasion and cellular atypia.
Benign Tumors in Females
- The most common benign tumor in females during active reproductive life is leiomyoma or fibroma (benign tumor of myometrium).
Endometriosis vs. Adenomyosis
- The main difference between endometriosis and adenomyosis is that endometriosis occurs outside the uterus, while adenomyosis occurs within the uterine wall.
Growth of Leiomyoma
- Estrogen stimulates the growth of leiomyoma or fibroma (benign tumor of myometrium).
Pathogenesis of Ovarian Endometriosis
- The implants theory of pathogenesis explains the occurrence of ovarian endometriosis, where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus.
Menstrual Bleeding in Ovaries
- The occurrence of menstrual bleeding in the ovaries due to endometriosis is considered problematic because it can lead to inflammation, scarring, and adhesions.
Extra-Pelvic Sites of Endometriosis
- According to the provided information, one extra-pelvic site of endometriosis is the lungs.
Classification of Endometriosis
- Endometriosis is distinguished from being classified as neoplasia or inflammation because it lacks characteristics of malignancy and chronic inflammation.
This quiz covers the definition of endometriosis, its presence outside the uterus, and its occurrence in females. It also delves into the sites of endometriosis, including pelvic and extra-pelvic locations.
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