Pathology Quiz: Inflammation and Its Types

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Questions and Answers

What is the process of directed movement of inflammatory cells towards the site of injury under the effect of chemical mediators?

Phagocytosis

Chemotaxis (correct)

Inflammation

Suppuration

What type of inflammation is characterized by pus formation?

Suppurative inflammation (correct)

Chronic inflammation

Acute inflammation

Non-suppurative inflammation

What is the function of phagocytic cells in the process of inflammation?

To repair damaged tissue

To produce chemical mediators

To recognize and engulf foreign particles (correct)

To form a barrier against infection

What is the name of the enzyme responsible for fibrin deposition, leading to the localization of inflammation?

Coagulase Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the middle zone of an abscess, characterized by the presence of pus?

Midzone Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a furuncle and a carbuncle?

A furuncle is a single abscess, while a carbuncle is a group of connected abscesses Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the outermost zone of an abscess, characterized by inflammation?

Peripheral zone Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the membrane that surrounds an abscess?

Pyogenic membrane Signup and view all the answers

What type of inflammation is characterized by thick pus?

Localized suppurative inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a sinus and a fistula?

A sinus is a tract that communicates between a deep abscess and the surface, while a fistula is a tract that communicates between two hollow organs Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a local defect in the surface?

Ulcer Signup and view all the answers

What type of inflammation is associated with burns?

Serous inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the spread of infection through the bloodstream?

Septicemia Signup and view all the answers

What type of inflammation is characterized by the formation of a pseudomembrane?

Pseudomembranous inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a complication of abscess evacuation?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What type of inflammation is associated with smallpox?

Haemorrhagic inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of inflammation?

A dynamic response of vascularized tissue to injury Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of inflammation?

To get rid of the injury or infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of events in the formation of inflammatory exudate?

Vasodilation, increased permeability, and transcytosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increased permeability in blood vessels?

Protein-rich fluid exudate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of leukocytes in inflammation?

To remove the agent or tissue damage Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process by which leukocytes migrate across the endothelium and vessel wall?

Diapedesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the increase in caliber of blood vessels?

Vasodilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process by which leukocytes move along the endothelial surface?

Rolling Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the attraction of leukocytes to a specific site?

Chemotaxis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of acute inflammation?

Rapid onset Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Definition and Purpose of Inflammation

Inflammation is a dynamic response of vascularized tissue to injury, aiming to get rid of the injurious agent or damaged tissue.
The process involves vascular changes leading to the formation of inflammatory exudate.

Types of Inflammation

Gastritis: inflammation of the stomach
Appendicitis: inflammation of the appendix
Tonsillitis: inflammation of the tonsil
Hepatitis: inflammation of the liver
Cholecystitis: inflammation of the gallbladder
Pneumonia: inflammation of the lung
Pleurisy: inflammation of the pleura

Causes of Inflammation

Chemical: acid, alkali
Physical: heat, cold, trauma
Infection: bacteria, virus, fungal
Immunological: effectiveness of nature of stimulus and protective mechanisms

Acute Inflammation

Rapid onset and short duration
Characterized by prominent vascular response and neutrophils
Aims to remove the agent/tissue damage and form fluid and cellular exudate
Vascular changes: transient vasoconstriction, vasodilation, and increased permeability
Formation of fluid exudate: vasodilation, increased hydrostatic pressure, and increased osmotic pressure

Vascular Reactions

Exudation: change in caliber, increased permeability, endothelial cell contraction, and endothelial damage
Transcytosis: protein-rich fluid (fluid exudate)

Leukocyte Journey

Margination: due to stasis, leukocytes come peripheral along endothelial cells
Rolling and adhesion to endothelial cells
Migration across the endothelium and vessel wall: diapedesis or transmigration
Chemotaxis: directed movement of inflammatory cells toward the site of injury under the effect of chemical mediators (chemoattractant)
Phagocytosis: recognition and engulfment of foreign particles, followed by their degradation

Types of Acute Inflammation

Suppurative (with pus formation): characterized by pus formation
Non-suppurative (without pus formation): characterized by absence of pus formation

Suppurative Inflammation

Mechanism of pus formation: bacteria, tissue necrosis, attraction of neutrophils, dead neutrophils, and pus
Types of suppurative inflammation: localized (abscess, furuncle, carbuncle) and diffuse (cellulitis, peritonitis)

Non-suppurative Inflammation

Fibrinous (e.g., pneumonia)
Serous (e.g., burn)
Serofibrinous (e.g., serous sac)
Catarrhal (e.g., rhinitis, pharyngitis)
Pseudomembranous (e.g., diphtheria)
Haemorrhagic (e.g., smallpox)
Necrotizing (e.g., cancrum oris)
Allergic (e.g., urticaria)

Complications of Inflammation

Resolution: tissue destruction, fibrosis, and chronic inflammation
Complications of abscess: sinus, fistula, ulcer
Spread of infection: direct, toxemia, blood, lymphatic, pyemia, and septicemia

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Description

This quiz covers the definition, causes, types, fate, symptoms, and complications of inflammation, with examples of different types of inflammation in various organs.