26 Questions
What is the process of directed movement of inflammatory cells towards the site of injury under the effect of chemical mediators?
Chemotaxis
What type of inflammation is characterized by pus formation?
Suppurative inflammation
What is the function of phagocytic cells in the process of inflammation?
To recognize and engulf foreign particles
What is the name of the enzyme responsible for fibrin deposition, leading to the localization of inflammation?
Coagulase
What is the term for the middle zone of an abscess, characterized by the presence of pus?
Midzone
What is the difference between a furuncle and a carbuncle?
A furuncle is a single abscess, while a carbuncle is a group of connected abscesses
What is the term for the outermost zone of an abscess, characterized by inflammation?
Peripheral zone
What is the term for the membrane that surrounds an abscess?
Pyogenic membrane
What type of inflammation is characterized by thick pus?
Localized suppurative inflammation
What is the main difference between a sinus and a fistula?
A sinus is a tract that communicates between a deep abscess and the surface, while a fistula is a tract that communicates between two hollow organs
What is the term for a local defect in the surface?
Ulcer
What type of inflammation is associated with burns?
Serous inflammation
What is the term for the spread of infection through the bloodstream?
Septicemia
What type of inflammation is characterized by the formation of a pseudomembrane?
Pseudomembranous inflammation
What is the term for a complication of abscess evacuation?
All of the above
What type of inflammation is associated with smallpox?
Haemorrhagic inflammation
What is the definition of inflammation?
A dynamic response of vascularized tissue to injury
What is the main purpose of inflammation?
To get rid of the injury or infection
What is the sequence of events in the formation of inflammatory exudate?
Vasodilation, increased permeability, and transcytosis
What is the result of increased permeability in blood vessels?
Protein-rich fluid exudate
What is the primary function of leukocytes in inflammation?
To remove the agent or tissue damage
What is the name of the process by which leukocytes migrate across the endothelium and vessel wall?
Diapedesis
What is the term for the increase in caliber of blood vessels?
Vasodilation
What is the name of the process by which leukocytes move along the endothelial surface?
Rolling
What is the term for the attraction of leukocytes to a specific site?
Chemotaxis
What is the primary characteristic of acute inflammation?
Rapid onset
Study Notes
Definition and Purpose of Inflammation
- Inflammation is a dynamic response of vascularized tissue to injury, aiming to get rid of the injurious agent or damaged tissue.
- The process involves vascular changes leading to the formation of inflammatory exudate.
Types of Inflammation
- Gastritis: inflammation of the stomach
- Appendicitis: inflammation of the appendix
- Tonsillitis: inflammation of the tonsil
- Hepatitis: inflammation of the liver
- Cholecystitis: inflammation of the gallbladder
- Pneumonia: inflammation of the lung
- Pleurisy: inflammation of the pleura
Causes of Inflammation
- Chemical: acid, alkali
- Physical: heat, cold, trauma
- Infection: bacteria, virus, fungal
- Immunological: effectiveness of nature of stimulus and protective mechanisms
Acute Inflammation
- Rapid onset and short duration
- Characterized by prominent vascular response and neutrophils
- Aims to remove the agent/tissue damage and form fluid and cellular exudate
- Vascular changes: transient vasoconstriction, vasodilation, and increased permeability
- Formation of fluid exudate: vasodilation, increased hydrostatic pressure, and increased osmotic pressure
Vascular Reactions
- Exudation: change in caliber, increased permeability, endothelial cell contraction, and endothelial damage
- Transcytosis: protein-rich fluid (fluid exudate)
Leukocyte Journey
- Margination: due to stasis, leukocytes come peripheral along endothelial cells
- Rolling and adhesion to endothelial cells
- Migration across the endothelium and vessel wall: diapedesis or transmigration
- Chemotaxis: directed movement of inflammatory cells toward the site of injury under the effect of chemical mediators (chemoattractant)
- Phagocytosis: recognition and engulfment of foreign particles, followed by their degradation
Types of Acute Inflammation
- Suppurative (with pus formation): characterized by pus formation
- Non-suppurative (without pus formation): characterized by absence of pus formation
Suppurative Inflammation
- Mechanism of pus formation: bacteria, tissue necrosis, attraction of neutrophils, dead neutrophils, and pus
- Types of suppurative inflammation: localized (abscess, furuncle, carbuncle) and diffuse (cellulitis, peritonitis)
Non-suppurative Inflammation
- Fibrinous (e.g., pneumonia)
- Serous (e.g., burn)
- Serofibrinous (e.g., serous sac)
- Catarrhal (e.g., rhinitis, pharyngitis)
- Pseudomembranous (e.g., diphtheria)
- Haemorrhagic (e.g., smallpox)
- Necrotizing (e.g., cancrum oris)
- Allergic (e.g., urticaria)
Complications of Inflammation
- Resolution: tissue destruction, fibrosis, and chronic inflammation
- Complications of abscess: sinus, fistula, ulcer
- Spread of infection: direct, toxemia, blood, lymphatic, pyemia, and septicemia
This quiz covers the definition, causes, types, fate, symptoms, and complications of inflammation, with examples of different types of inflammation in various organs.
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