Pathology of Tumors and Cancers

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is a hamartoma composed of?

Disorganized mass of tissue with cell types indigenous to the site of the lesion (correct)

Disorganized mass of tissue with cell types not indigenous to the site of the lesion

Benign tumor with well-differentiated cells

Ectopic focus of abnormal tissue

What is the term for malignant tumor of lymphocytes?

Lymphoma (correct)

Seminoma

Melanoma

Leukemia

What is the term for a benign tumor that resembles mature cells of its tissue of origin?

Poorly differentiated neoplasm

Anaplastic tumor

Well-differentiated neoplasm (correct)

Undifferentiated neoplasm

What is the term for a malignant tumor that grows and develops from the transformation of a single cell?

Malignant change in the target cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a tumor that is composed of primitive cells with little differentiation?

Undifferentiated or anaplastic tumor Signup and view all the answers

What is the prognosis of a poorly differentiated malignant tumor compared to a well-differentiated malignant tumor?

Worse Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of cancers that occur in individuals with a genetic predisposition?

Early age at onset and multiple or bilateral tumors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a viral exposure that is associated with a specific type of cancer?

Human papilloma virus (HPV) and cervical cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is a non-hereditary predisposing condition that may increase the risk of cancer?

Leukoplakia of mucous membranes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cancers that occur in persons ≥ 55 years?

Childhood cancers are more common in this age group Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'soil' theory related to in the context of cancer?

Two or more primary relatives with the cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a Grade I cancer and a Grade III cancer?

Microscopic appearance Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of a tumor that is 3 cm in diameter and has invaded the chest wall?

T4 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tumor markers is an example of an 'ONCO'FETAL marker?

AFP Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'M' in PSMA?

Membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of a tumor with no lymph node metastasis?

N0 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the first tumor marker discovered?

Carcinoembryonic antigen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of chemical carcinogen initiators?

Viral particles Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of CD8+ T-Cells in tumor immune surveillance?

To eliminate tumor cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following viruses is associated with the development of Burkitt Lymphoma?

EBV Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of promoters on initiated cells?

They increase cell proliferation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of radiation is associated with the development of hematopoietic tumors?

Ionizing radiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of H.pylori infection in relation to carcinogenesis?

It leads to the development of gastric lymphomas Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of CEA and AFP?

They can be elevated in both benign and malignant diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of PSA as a marker for prostate carcinoma?

It is not expressed by any tissue other than prostate Signup and view all the answers

What is the correlation between low AFP levels and a specific condition?

Down syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is a benign condition that can cause elevated PSA levels?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of CEA, AFP, and PSA?