Pathology of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
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Questions and Answers

Which organism is responsible for causing acid and inflammation in the stomach and duodenum?

  • Motrin
  • Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
  • Helicobacter pylori (correct)
  • Aspirin
  • Where do more than 95% of duodenal ulcers occur?

  • Fundus
  • Distal stomach
  • First part of the duodenum (correct)
  • Stomach wall
  • Which country has a high incidence of stomach cancer?

  • North America
  • Japan (correct)
  • Chile
  • Eastern Europe
  • What is the 5-year survival rate for stomach cancer?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of smooth muscle in the pyloric region undergoes hypertrophy and hyperplasia in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

    <p>Circular layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

    <p>Projectile vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the imaging modality of choice for diagnosing hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

    <p>Ultrasound (U/S)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an UGI (upper gastrointestinal) show in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

    <p>Abnormally large dilated stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stomach pathology is characterized by an elevated position of the stomach?

    <p>Hiatal/Hiatus Hernia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option is typically considered first for peptic ulcer disease?

    <p>Lifestyle changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hernia is the most common?

    <p>Sliding hernia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by a portion of the stomach rolling up into the thoracic cavity?

    <p>Rolling hernia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging technique is commonly used to visualize a hiatal hernia?

    <p>Barium study of the esophagus and stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a water test in diagnosing a hiatal hernia?

    <p>To assess thoracic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which radiographic finding is indicative of a hiatal hernia?

    <p>Soft tissue mass in the post. mediastinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by a narrowed pylorus of the stomach?

    <p>Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the digestive system does cancer of the stomach affect?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathology involves a portion of the stomach protruding into the thoracic cavity through the esophageal hiatus?

    <p>Hiatal hernia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging technique is commonly used to visualize the esophagus and stomach in diagnosing stomach pathologies?

    <p>Barium study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which radiographic finding is indicative of a rolling hernia?

    <p>Widened mediastinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the imaging modality of choice in diagnosing hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

    <p>Sonography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the radiographic sign of an ulcer during an upper GI study?

    <p>Punctate barium collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the radiographic sign of a perforating ulcer?

    <p>Free air under the diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended imaging technique for most ulcer studies?

    <p>Double-contrast upper GI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common location for duodenal ulcers?

    <p>Third aspect of the duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe ulceration of the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum?

    <p>Peptic ulcer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe an ulcer that involves the entire thickness of the wall of the stomach or intestine, creating an opening on both surfaces?

    <p>Perforating ulcer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the radiographic sign of a hiatal hernia?

    <p>Gastric bubble or protruding aspect of stomach above diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the radiographic sign of gastritis during a double-contrast upper GI?

    <p>Absence of rugae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the radiographic sign of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis during an upper GI or sonography?

    <p>Distention of the stomach owing to obstruction of pylorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hiatal hernia is caused by weakening of the muscle that surrounds the diaphragmatic opening?

    <p>Sliding hiatal hernia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of gastric obstruction in infants?

    <p>Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main symptom of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in infants?

    <p>Projectile vomiting after feedings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the esophageal sphincter?

    <p>To produce a high-pressure zone to prevent esophageal reflux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes a sliding hiatal hernia?

    <p>Weakening of the muscle that surrounds the diaphragmatic opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the imaging modality of choice for diagnosing hiatal hernia?

    <p>X-ray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the condition in which a portion of the stomach herniates through the diaphragmatic opening?

    <p>Hiatal hernia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do symptoms of difficulty in swallowing usually begin in patients with sliding hiatal hernia?

    <p>During young adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

    <p>Hypertrophy of the antral muscle at the orifice of the pylorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the condition in which the stomach rolls up into the thoracic cavity?

    <p>Paraesophageal hernia</p> Signup and view all the answers

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