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Questions and Answers
What is a common sign of sinusitis in turkeys 4 weeks of age or younger?
What is a common sign of sinusitis in turkeys 4 weeks of age or younger?
What is a characteristic of nasal and tracheal exudates in the later stages of disease?
What is a characteristic of nasal and tracheal exudates in the later stages of disease?
Which of the following is NOT a typical sign of turkey coryza?
Which of the following is NOT a typical sign of turkey coryza?
What is a common complication of Bordetella avium infection in young turkeys?
What is a common complication of Bordetella avium infection in young turkeys?
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When can tracheal softening be palpated through the skin of the neck?
When can tracheal softening be palpated through the skin of the neck?
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What is the typical morbidity rate in turkeys 2-6 weeks of age infected with Bordetella avium?
What is the typical morbidity rate in turkeys 2-6 weeks of age infected with Bordetella avium?
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What is a risk factor for high mortality rates in young turkeys infected with Bordetella avium?
What is a risk factor for high mortality rates in young turkeys infected with Bordetella avium?
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What is a characteristic of gross lesions in turkeys infected with Bordetella avium?
What is a characteristic of gross lesions in turkeys infected with Bordetella avium?
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What is a common sign of Bordetella avium infection in older turkeys?
What is a common sign of Bordetella avium infection in older turkeys?
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How long do signs of the disease typically take to subside?
How long do signs of the disease typically take to subside?
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Study Notes
Gross Lesions
- Nasal and tracheal mucosa edema and hyperemia apparent during the first 2 weeks of infection
- Inflammation of turbinate and sinus, as well as submaxillary swelling
- Tracheal rings soften and distort in proximal segments, leading to tracheal narrowing and larynx retraction
Microscopic Lesions
- Cilia-associated bacterial colonies, cilioectasis, and deciliation (progressive loss of ciliated epithelium) are distinctive characteristics of Bordetellosis
- Bacteria adhere specifically to cilia and have not been found attached to other cell types
- Colonized cells have increased eosinophilia of the apical cytoplasm and may protrude slightly from the mucosa
Tracheal Mucosa
- Bacterial colonies are most apparent on the tracheal mucosa 1-2 weeks after onset of clinical signs, before loss of ciliated cells is extensive
- In the uncomplicated disease, the tracheal epithelium can return to normal 4-6 weeks after the onset of clinical signs
Diagnosis
- Based on case history, clinical signs, and post-mortem lesions
- Isolation and identification of the causative agent (Bordetella avium) through sampling and culturing of the trachea
Clinical Signs
- Sinusitis and upper respiratory signs are more common in turkeys 4 weeks of age or younger
- In older turkeys, the most typical sign is dry cough
- Some birds develop submandibular edema (balloon-like) and almond-shaped eyes
- During the first 2 weeks of disease, the nares and feathers of the head and wing become crusted with wet, tenacious, brownish exudates
- Tracheal softening can be palpated through the skin of the neck in some birds beginning in the second week of disease
Morbidity and Mortality Rates
- High morbidity (80-100%) and low mortality (<10%) in turkeys 2-6 weeks of age
- Infection of a breeder flock with B. avium resulted in only 20% morbidity with no mortality
- High mortality rates (>40%) in young turkeys are associated with concurrent isolation of Escherichia coli or other concurrent respiratory pathogens
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Description
Quiz about the pathology of the respiratory system, including symptoms and effects of infection on the nasal and tracheal mucosa, turbinate, sinus, and submaxillary regions.
