Pneumocystis Jiroveci Infection
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary habitat of Pneumocystis jiroveci?

  • Rodents and other small mammals
  • Birds and other avian species
  • Domestic animals such as horses and sheep (correct)
  • Humans, particularly those with immunocompromised systems
  • What is the primary mode of transmission of Pneumocystis jiroveci?

  • Inhalation of spores (correct)
  • Direct contact with infected animals
  • Vector-borne transmission
  • Contaminated food and water
  • What is the characteristic inflammatory response to Pneumocystis jiroveci infection?

  • Neutrophilic response with abscess formation
  • Eosinophilic response with granuloma formation
  • Plasma cell response with frothy exudate (correct)
  • Lymphocytic response with granuloma formation
  • What is the primary site of infection for Pneumocystis jiroveci?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical radiographic finding in Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia?

    <p>Diffuse interstitial pneumonia with 'ground glass' infiltrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical laboratory diagnosis of Pneumocystis jiroveci?

    <p>Microscopic examination of lung tissue with methenamine silver or Giemsa stain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mortality rate of untreated Pneumocystis pneumonia?

    <p>100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of Pneumocystis jiroveci infection in patients with AIDS?

    <p>Extrapulmonary infection of the liver and spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pneumocystis jiroveci

    • Important cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals
    • Morphology: appears as a cyst
    • Found in domestic animals (horses, sheep) and rodents, with each mammalian species having its own species of Pneumocystis

    Life Cycle and Transmission

    • Life cycle of Pneumocystis is unclear
    • Transmission occurs through inhalation

    Infection and Pathology

    • Infection primarily occurs in the lungs, inducing an inflammatory response with plasma cells
    • Results in a frothy exudate that blocks oxygen exchange, leading to "plasma cell pneumonia"
    • Pneumonia occurs when host defenses are reduced, such as with low CD4-positive T cells

    Clinical Findings

    • Sudden onset of fever
    • Nonproductive cough
    • Dyspnea and tachypnea
    • Bilateral rales and rhonchi are heard on auscultation
    • Chest X-ray shows diffuse interstitial pneumonia with "ground glass" infiltrates bilaterally

    Extrapulmonary Infections

    • Occur in late stages of AIDS, affecting primarily the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow

    Mortality and Diagnosis

    • Mortality rate of untreated Pneumocystis pneumonia approaches 100%
    • Laboratory diagnosis involves:
      • Specimen: lung tissue or fluids obtained by bronchoscopy, bronchial lavage, or open lung biopsy
      • Microscopic examination with methenamine silver or Giemsa stain to identify typical cysts
      • Fluorescent-antibody staining
      • PCR
      • No serologic test available, and the organism cannot be grown in culture

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    Description

    This quiz covers the characteristics and transmission of Pneumocystis jiroveci, a fungus that causes pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals. Learn about its morphology, habitat, and life cycle.

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