Pathology of Neoplasms

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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic of malignant tumors?

They do not depend on the host for nutrition and blood supply

They invade adjacent structures and spread to distant sites (correct)

They are always fatal

They remain localized and are amenable to local surgical removal

What is the term for the study of neoplasia?

Tumorology

Neoplasia

Cancerology

Oncology (correct)

What is the common term for all malignant neoplasms?

Benign tumor

Cancer (correct)

Neoplasia

Tumor

What is the suffix added to the cell type to name a benign tumor?

-oma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of malignant tumors?

They can invade adjacent structures and metastasize Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for transformed cells that continue to replicate autonomously?

Neoplastic cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the growth of malignant tumors that extends into adjacent tissues?

Invasive growth Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the spread of malignant tumors to distant sites?

Metastasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm arising from mesenchymal tissues or its derivatives?

Sarcoma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a carcinoma?

Adenocarcinoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a malignant neoplasm arising from squamous cells?

Squamous cell carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an exception to the naming rule of malignant tumors?

Lymphoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a mass that projects above a mucosal surface?

Polyp Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of mixed tumors, whether benign or malignant?

Monoclonal origin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a malignant tumor that arises from epithelial cells?

Squamous cell carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a benign epithelial neoplasm that grows on any surface and produces macroscopic or microscopic finger-like projections?

Papilloma Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of malignant neoplasms in terms of cell differentiation?

They exhibit a wide range of cell differentiation from well differentiated to anaplastic Signup and view all the answers

What is the ability of malignant tumors?

Invasion and metastasis Signup and view all the answers

What is anaplasia?

Lack of differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between benign and malignant tumors?

Their ability to invade and metastasize Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of malignant tumors in terms of invasion?

They always invade Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of malignant tumors in terms of metastasis?

They sometimes metastasize Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of benign tumors?

Well differentiated mass resembling normal original tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the similarity of a benign tumor to its original tissue?

Differentiation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Neoplasms

Cystadenoma: a hollow cystic mass that typically arises in the ovary
Papilloma: a benign epithelial neoplasm growing on any surface, producing macroscopic or microscopic finger-like projections (papillae)

Naming of Malignant Tumors

Malignant neoplasms arising in mesenchymal tissues or its derivatives are called sarcomas
- Examples: fibrosarcoma (fibrous tissue), chondrosarcoma (cartilage), liposarcoma (lipid), angiosarcoma (blood vessels)
Malignant neoplasm of epithelial cells is called carcinoma
- Examples: glands (adenocarcinoma), squamous cells (squamous cell carcinoma)

Polyps

A mass that projects above a mucosal surface, can be benign or malignant, depending on cellular and nuclear features
Can be non-neoplastic (e.g. hyperplastic or inflammatory polyp)

Exceptions

Lymphoma
Seminoma
Melanoma
Mesothelioma

Mixed Tumors

Derived from a single neoplastic cell, but can differentiate into two or more neoplastic elements
Example: fibroadenoma of the breast (uncontrolled proliferation of both fibrous and glandular tissue)

Teratoma

A special type of mixed tumor that derives from more than one germ cell layer, and sometimes all three germ cell layers
Originate from totipotential germ cells normally present in the ovary and testis
Can give rise to neoplasms that contain many tissues (e.g. epithelium, skin appendages, bone, cartilage, muscle, fat, nerve, thyroid, glial tissue, teeth)

Hamartoma and Choristoma

Hamartoma: a mass of disorganized tissue native to the particular site, considered as developmental malformation, though some are neoplastic
Choristoma: a congenital anomaly consisting of an ectopic nest of cells

Characteristics of Benign and Malignant Neoplasms

Three fundamental features distinguish benign from malignant tumors:
1. Differentiation: similarity to original tissue (structurally and functionally)
2. Invasion
3. Metastasis

Benign Tumors

Consist of well-differentiated mass resembling normal original tissue (structurally and functionally)
No invasion and no metastasis

Malignant Neoplasms

Exhibit a wide range of cell differentiation, from well-differentiated to anaplastic (loss of differentiation)
Ability for invasion and metastasis

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Description

Learn about types of neoplasms, including cystadenoma, papilloma, and malignant tumors such as sarcomas, with examples of tumors arising from different tissue types.