Pathology of Neoplasms
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Pathology of Neoplasms

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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic of malignant tumors?

  • They do not depend on the host for nutrition and blood supply
  • They invade adjacent structures and spread to distant sites (correct)
  • They are always fatal
  • They remain localized and are amenable to local surgical removal

    • What is the term for the study of neoplasia?

  • Tumorology
  • Neoplasia
  • Cancerology
  • Oncology (correct)

    • What is the common term for all malignant neoplasms?

  • Benign tumor
  • Cancer (correct)
  • Neoplasia
  • Tumor

    • What is the suffix added to the cell type to name a benign tumor?

    <p>-oma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of malignant tumors?

    <p>They can invade adjacent structures and metastasize</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for transformed cells that continue to replicate autonomously?

    <p>Neoplastic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the growth of malignant tumors that extends into adjacent tissues?

    <p>Invasive growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the spread of malignant tumors to distant sites?

    <p>Metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a malignant neoplasm arising from mesenchymal tissues or its derivatives?

    <p>Sarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a carcinoma?

    <p>Adenocarcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a malignant neoplasm arising from squamous cells?

    <p>Squamous cell carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an exception to the naming rule of malignant tumors?

    <p>Lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a mass that projects above a mucosal surface?

    <p>Polyp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of mixed tumors, whether benign or malignant?

    <p>Monoclonal origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a malignant tumor that arises from epithelial cells?

    <p>Squamous cell carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a benign epithelial neoplasm that grows on any surface and produces macroscopic or microscopic finger-like projections?

    <p>Papilloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of malignant neoplasms in terms of cell differentiation?

    <p>They exhibit a wide range of cell differentiation from well differentiated to anaplastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ability of malignant tumors?

    <p>Invasion and metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is anaplasia?

    <p>Lack of differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between benign and malignant tumors?

    <p>Their ability to invade and metastasize</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of malignant tumors in terms of invasion?

    <p>They always invade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of malignant tumors in terms of metastasis?

    <p>They sometimes metastasize</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of benign tumors?

    <p>Well differentiated mass resembling normal original tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the similarity of a benign tumor to its original tissue?

    <p>Differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of Neoplasms

    • Cystadenoma: a hollow cystic mass that typically arises in the ovary
    • Papilloma: a benign epithelial neoplasm growing on any surface, producing macroscopic or microscopic finger-like projections (papillae)

    Naming of Malignant Tumors

    • Malignant neoplasms arising in mesenchymal tissues or its derivatives are called sarcomas
      • Examples: fibrosarcoma (fibrous tissue), chondrosarcoma (cartilage), liposarcoma (lipid), angiosarcoma (blood vessels)
    • Malignant neoplasm of epithelial cells is called carcinoma
      • Examples: glands (adenocarcinoma), squamous cells (squamous cell carcinoma)

    Polyps

    • A mass that projects above a mucosal surface, can be benign or malignant, depending on cellular and nuclear features
    • Can be non-neoplastic (e.g. hyperplastic or inflammatory polyp)

    Exceptions

    • Lymphoma
    • Seminoma
    • Melanoma
    • Mesothelioma

    Mixed Tumors

    • Derived from a single neoplastic cell, but can differentiate into two or more neoplastic elements
    • Example: fibroadenoma of the breast (uncontrolled proliferation of both fibrous and glandular tissue)

    Teratoma

    • A special type of mixed tumor that derives from more than one germ cell layer, and sometimes all three germ cell layers
    • Originate from totipotential germ cells normally present in the ovary and testis
    • Can give rise to neoplasms that contain many tissues (e.g. epithelium, skin appendages, bone, cartilage, muscle, fat, nerve, thyroid, glial tissue, teeth)

    Hamartoma and Choristoma

    • Hamartoma: a mass of disorganized tissue native to the particular site, considered as developmental malformation, though some are neoplastic
    • Choristoma: a congenital anomaly consisting of an ectopic nest of cells

    Characteristics of Benign and Malignant Neoplasms

    • Three fundamental features distinguish benign from malignant tumors:
      1. Differentiation: similarity to original tissue (structurally and functionally)
      2. Invasion
      3. Metastasis

    Benign Tumors

    • Consist of well-differentiated mass resembling normal original tissue (structurally and functionally)
    • No invasion and no metastasis

    Malignant Neoplasms

    • Exhibit a wide range of cell differentiation, from well-differentiated to anaplastic (loss of differentiation)
    • Ability for invasion and metastasis

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    Description

    Learn about types of neoplasms, including cystadenoma, papilloma, and malignant tumors such as sarcomas, with examples of tumors arising from different tissue types.

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