24 Questions
What is the characteristic of malignant tumors?
They invade adjacent structures and spread to distant sites
What is the term for the study of neoplasia?
Oncology
What is the common term for all malignant neoplasms?
Cancer
What is the suffix added to the cell type to name a benign tumor?
-oma
Which of the following is a characteristic of malignant tumors?
They can invade adjacent structures and metastasize
What is the term for transformed cells that continue to replicate autonomously?
Neoplastic cells
What is the term for the growth of malignant tumors that extends into adjacent tissues?
Invasive growth
What is the term for the spread of malignant tumors to distant sites?
Metastasis
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm arising from mesenchymal tissues or its derivatives?
Sarcoma
Which of the following is an example of a carcinoma?
Adenocarcinoma
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm arising from squamous cells?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Which of the following is an exception to the naming rule of malignant tumors?
Lymphoma
What is the term for a mass that projects above a mucosal surface?
Polyp
What is the origin of mixed tumors, whether benign or malignant?
Monoclonal origin
Which of the following is a malignant tumor that arises from epithelial cells?
Squamous cell carcinoma
What is the term for a benign epithelial neoplasm that grows on any surface and produces macroscopic or microscopic finger-like projections?
Papilloma
What is the characteristic of malignant neoplasms in terms of cell differentiation?
They exhibit a wide range of cell differentiation from well differentiated to anaplastic
What is the ability of malignant tumors?
Invasion and metastasis
What is anaplasia?
Lack of differentiation
What is the main difference between benign and malignant tumors?
Their ability to invade and metastasize
What is the characteristic of malignant tumors in terms of invasion?
They always invade
What is the characteristic of malignant tumors in terms of metastasis?
They sometimes metastasize
Which of the following is a characteristic of benign tumors?
Well differentiated mass resembling normal original tissue
What is the term used to describe the similarity of a benign tumor to its original tissue?
Differentiation
Study Notes
Types of Neoplasms
- Cystadenoma: a hollow cystic mass that typically arises in the ovary
- Papilloma: a benign epithelial neoplasm growing on any surface, producing macroscopic or microscopic finger-like projections (papillae)
Naming of Malignant Tumors
- Malignant neoplasms arising in mesenchymal tissues or its derivatives are called sarcomas
- Examples: fibrosarcoma (fibrous tissue), chondrosarcoma (cartilage), liposarcoma (lipid), angiosarcoma (blood vessels)
- Malignant neoplasm of epithelial cells is called carcinoma
- Examples: glands (adenocarcinoma), squamous cells (squamous cell carcinoma)
Polyps
- A mass that projects above a mucosal surface, can be benign or malignant, depending on cellular and nuclear features
- Can be non-neoplastic (e.g. hyperplastic or inflammatory polyp)
Exceptions
- Lymphoma
- Seminoma
- Melanoma
- Mesothelioma
Mixed Tumors
- Derived from a single neoplastic cell, but can differentiate into two or more neoplastic elements
- Example: fibroadenoma of the breast (uncontrolled proliferation of both fibrous and glandular tissue)
Teratoma
- A special type of mixed tumor that derives from more than one germ cell layer, and sometimes all three germ cell layers
- Originate from totipotential germ cells normally present in the ovary and testis
- Can give rise to neoplasms that contain many tissues (e.g. epithelium, skin appendages, bone, cartilage, muscle, fat, nerve, thyroid, glial tissue, teeth)
Hamartoma and Choristoma
- Hamartoma: a mass of disorganized tissue native to the particular site, considered as developmental malformation, though some are neoplastic
- Choristoma: a congenital anomaly consisting of an ectopic nest of cells
Characteristics of Benign and Malignant Neoplasms
- Three fundamental features distinguish benign from malignant tumors:
- Differentiation: similarity to original tissue (structurally and functionally)
- Invasion
- Metastasis
Benign Tumors
- Consist of well-differentiated mass resembling normal original tissue (structurally and functionally)
- No invasion and no metastasis
Malignant Neoplasms
- Exhibit a wide range of cell differentiation, from well-differentiated to anaplastic (loss of differentiation)
- Ability for invasion and metastasis
Learn about types of neoplasms, including cystadenoma, papilloma, and malignant tumors such as sarcomas, with examples of tumors arising from different tissue types.
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