30 Questions
What type of necrosis is typically seen in tuberculosis?
Caseous necrosis
What is the outcome of fibrosis in hollow organs?
Obstruction
What type of cells are transformed macrophages that form granulomas?
Epithelioid histiocytes
What is the primary driver cell in chronic inflammation?
Macrophages
What is a common cause of chronic inflammation that starts as a chronic process?
Persistent infections with low acute virulence
What is the term for the formation of small blood vessels during the repair process?
Angiogenesis
What is the primary cause of chronic inflammation from the outset?
Persistent infections
Which type of cell is responsible for ingesting pathogens and dead tissue in chronic inflammation?
Macrophages
What is the characteristic feature of granulomatous inflammation?
Aggregates of macrophages forming granulomas
What is the outcome of chronic inflammation if it subsides and the affected area scars?
Inactive
What type of inflammation is often caused by low acute virulence microorganisms?
Chronic inflammation
What is the characteristic feature of the inflammatory cells in chronic inflammation?
Predominance of mononuclear white blood cells
What is the outcome of acute inflammation when vital organs are overwhelmed by exogenous toxins and/or products of inflammation?
Death due to shock and/or loss of function
What is the term used to describe the mix of capillary vessels and fibroblasts that grow in when an area of tissue dies?
Granulation tissue
What is characteristic of chronic inflammation?
Lasts for weeks to years
What is the outcome of acute inflammation when tissue dies locally and then putrefies?
Gangrene
What is deposited in the extracellular matrix during the healing process?
Collagen
What is an example of a condition where acute inflammation is repeated, leading to chronic inflammation?
Peptic ulcers
What is the term for the presence of micro-organisms in or on tissue?
Infection
What is the term that describes the response of tissues to injury?
Inflammation
What is the result of increased blood vessel permeability in acute inflammation?
Leakage of fluid, fibrin, and red blood cells
What is the process by which white blood cells move through injured tissue in acute inflammation?
Chemotaxis
What is the term for the process by which white blood cells take up pathogens and dead cells?
Phagocytosis
What is the term for the presence of micro-organisms on or in tissue without an immune response?
Colonization
What is the duration of acute inflammation?
Hours or a few days
What is the fifth principal change described in acute inflammation?
Loss of function
What is an example of a physical agent that can cause acute inflammation?
Ionising radiation
What is the sequence of events in acute inflammation?
Dilation of arteries and capillaries, then increased blood flow
What type of micro-organisms can cause acute inflammation?
Bacteria, viruses, and parasites
What is the consequence of chronic inflammation?
Formation of new blood vessels and fibrous tissue
Learn about the effects of chronic inflammation, including caseous necrosis, fibrosis, and scarring. Understand the consequences of healed ulcers and hollow organ obstruction.
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