Questions and Answers
What is Congenital Clubfoot?
Talipes equinovarus; it is an abnormal twisting of the foot usually inward & downward.
What type of fracture is a Pott's fracture?
Avulsion fracture of the medial malleolus with loss of the ankle mortise.
What occurs in a Jones fracture?
Avulsion fracture of the base of the fifth metatarsal.
What is Gout?
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What is Osgood-Schlatter Disease?
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What is a Giant Cell Tumor?
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What does Chondromalacia Patellae refer to?
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What is Joint Effusion?
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What characterizes a Lisfranc Injury?
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What is Reiter Syndrome associated with?
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What is Hallux Valgus?
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The hindfoot consists of the ______ and ______.
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The forefoot includes the ______ and ______.
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What is the purpose of the AP/AP axial projection?
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In a PA projection, which aspect is against the IR?
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What is the main goal of the Lewis method tangential projection?
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Study Notes
Pathology
- Congenital Clubfoot (Talipes equinovarus): Characterized by abnormal inward and downward twisting of the foot.
- Pott’s Fracture: Involves avulsion of the medial malleolus along with loss of the ankle mortise.
- Jones Fracture: Describes an avulsion fracture at the base of the fifth metatarsal.
- Gout: A hereditary form of arthritis caused by uric acid deposits in joints.
- Osgood-Schlatter Disease: Presents as incomplete separation or avulsion of the tibial tuberosity.
- Giant Cell Tumor (Osteoclastoma): Appears as a lucent lesion in the metaphysis, often located in the distal femur.
- Chondromalacia Patellae: Known as runner’s knee, involves softening of the cartilage beneath the patella.
- Joint Effusion: Refers to the accumulation of fluid within the joint cavity.
- Lisfranc Injury: Characterized by abnormal separation at the base of the first and second metatarsals and cuneiform.
- Reiter Syndrome: Causes erosions in the sacroiliac joints and lower limbs.
- Hallux Valgus: A congenital deformity leading to the lateral deviation of the great toe.
Routine Imaging
- Bony Injuries: Imaging includes AP, APO, and lateral views.
- Bony Pathology: Evaluated using AP and APO projections.
- Foreign Body Localization: Requires AP and lateral imaging.
Divisions of the Foot
- Hindfoot: Comprised of the calcaneus and talus.
- Midfoot: Includes the cuboid, navicular, and cuneiform bones.
- Forefoot: Consists of metatarsals and phalanges.
Toe Imaging Projections
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AP/AP Axial Projection:
- Patient Position: Supine/Seated with knee flexed and foam wedge under foot.
- Central Ray: Perpendicular or 15° posteriorly to 3rd MTP joint.
- Structure Shown: Phalanges and distal portion of metatarsals; open IP joints with reduced shortening.
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PA Projection:
- Patient Position: Prone with dorsal aspect against the IR.
- Central Ray: Directly toward 3rd MTP joint.
- Structure Shown: Well-visualized IP joint spaces.
-
AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation):
- Patient Position: Supine or seated, knee flexed, and foot rotated medially 30-45°.
- Central Ray: Perpendicular to 3rd MTP joint.
- Structure Shown: 2nd-5th MTP joint spaces and 1st-3rd toes.
-
AP Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation):
- Similar positioning and central ray placement as medial rotation.
- Structure Shown: 3rd-5th toes.
-
Lateral Projection:
- Patient Position: Lateral recumbent with toes in true lateral.
- Central Ray: Perpendicular to IP joint (1st toe) or proximal IP joint (2nd-4th toes).
- Structure Shown: Phalanges in profile with open IP joint spaces.
Sesamoid Imaging Techniques
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Lewis Method (Tangential Projection):
- Patient Position: Prone, dorsiflexing the great toe, with ankle elevated.
- Central Ray: Perpendicular to 1st MTP joint.
- Structure Shown: MT head and sesamoids in profile.
-
Holly Method (Tangential Projection):
- Patient Position: Seated with plantar surface angled 75° to IR, toe flexed using gauze.
- Central Ray: Perpendicular to 1st MTP head.
- Structure Shown: MT head and sesamoids in profile.
-
Causton Method (Tangential Projection):
- Patient Position: Lateral recumbent against unaffected side.
- Central Ray: 40° toward the heel at the prominence of the 1st MTP joint.
- Structure Shown: Sesamoids with slight overlap.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the pathology of the extremities, focusing on conditions like congenital clubfoot, Pott's fracture, and Jones fracture. This quiz covers essential definitions and presentations of these medical conditions. Perfect for students and professionals in the field of healthcare.
