Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which pancreatic cell type is responsible for producing insulin?
Which pancreatic cell type is responsible for producing insulin?
- Beta cell (correct)
- PP cell
- Alpha cell
- Delta cell
What is the function of the alpha cell in the pancreas?
What is the function of the alpha cell in the pancreas?
- Secrete insulin
- Secrete glucagon (correct)
- Suppress insulin release
- Secrete somatostatin
Which hormone is secreted by the delta cells in the pancreas?
Which hormone is secreted by the delta cells in the pancreas?
- Insulin
- Somatostatin (correct)
- Pancreatic polypeptide (PP)
- Glucagon
What is the main cause of diabetes mellitus?
What is the main cause of diabetes mellitus?
What is the primary effect of glucagon secreted by the alpha cells?
What is the primary effect of glucagon secreted by the alpha cells?
Which gastrointestinal effects are exerted by pancreatic polypeptide (PP) secreted by PP cells?
Which gastrointestinal effects are exerted by pancreatic polypeptide (PP) secreted by PP cells?
What is the normal range for fasting plasma glucose levels?
What is the normal range for fasting plasma glucose levels?
Which of the following is NOT one of the diagnostic criteria for diabetes?
Which of the following is NOT one of the diagnostic criteria for diabetes?
What is the definition of prediabetes?
What is the definition of prediabetes?
What is the principal function of insulin?
What is the principal function of insulin?
What is the most important stimulus that triggers insulin release from pancreatic beta cells?
What is the most important stimulus that triggers insulin release from pancreatic beta cells?
How is prediabetes defined in terms of HbA1C levels?
How is prediabetes defined in terms of HbA1C levels?
What is impaired glucose tolerance (prediabetes) defined as?
What is impaired glucose tolerance (prediabetes) defined as?
What hormones are secreted after food intake, notably produced by intestines cells?
What hormones are secreted after food intake, notably produced by intestines cells?
What is the main function of the alpha cell in the endocrine pancreas?
What is the main function of the alpha cell in the endocrine pancreas?
Which of the following is a major cell type in the islets of Langerhans responsible for suppressing both insulin and glucagon release?
Which of the following is a major cell type in the islets of Langerhans responsible for suppressing both insulin and glucagon release?
What is the most significant disease of the endocrine pancreas, caused by deficient production or action of insulin?
What is the most significant disease of the endocrine pancreas, caused by deficient production or action of insulin?
Which of the following is secreted by PP cells in the endocrine pancreas and exerts several gastrointestinal effects such as stimulation of secretion of gastric and intestinal enzymes?
Which of the following is secreted by PP cells in the endocrine pancreas and exerts several gastrointestinal effects such as stimulation of secretion of gastric and intestinal enzymes?
What is the primary cause of diabetes mellitus according to the text?
What is the primary cause of diabetes mellitus according to the text?
Which endocrine pancreatic cell type is responsible for producing insulin?
Which endocrine pancreatic cell type is responsible for producing insulin?
What is the normal range for fasting plasma glucose levels?
What is the normal range for fasting plasma glucose levels?
Which of the following is NOT one of the diagnostic criteria for diabetes?
Which of the following is NOT one of the diagnostic criteria for diabetes?
How is prediabetes defined in terms of HbA1C levels?
How is prediabetes defined in terms of HbA1C levels?
What is the function of the alpha cell in the pancreas?
What is the function of the alpha cell in the pancreas?
What hormones are secreted after food intake, notably produced by intestines cells?
What hormones are secreted after food intake, notably produced by intestines cells?
What is the principal function of insulin?
What is the principal function of insulin?
What is impaired glucose tolerance (prediabetes) defined as?
What is impaired glucose tolerance (prediabetes) defined as?
Study Notes
Pancreatic Cells and Hormones
- Beta cells in the pancreas produce insulin.
- Alpha cells in the pancreas produce glucagon, which raises blood glucose levels.
- Delta cells in the pancreas produce somatostatin, which inhibits the release of insulin and glucagon.
- PP cells in the pancreas produce pancreatic polypeptide (PP), which stimulates the secretion of gastric and intestinal enzymes.
Diabetes Mellitus
- The primary cause of diabetes mellitus is a deficient production or action of insulin.
- The normal range for fasting plasma glucose levels is less than 100 mg/dL.
Diagnostic Criteria for Diabetes
- Fasting plasma glucose level ≥ 126 mg/dL.
- Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 2-hour plasma glucose level ≥ 200 mg/dL.
- HbA1C level ≥ 6.5%.
- Random plasma glucose level ≥ 200 mg/dL in a patient with symptoms of hyperglycemia.
Prediabetes
- Defined as an HbA1C level of 5.7-6.4%.
- Impaired glucose tolerance is defined as a 2-hour OGTT plasma glucose level of 140-199 mg/dL.
Insulin Function
- The principal function of insulin is to lower blood glucose levels.
- The most important stimulus that triggers insulin release from pancreatic beta cells is high blood glucose levels.
Intestinal Hormones
- Incretin hormones, such as gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), are secreted after food intake, notably produced by intestines cells.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the pathology of the endocrine pancreas, including diabetes mellitus, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and the function of the islets of Langerhans. This quiz covers topics such as diagnosis, classification, insulin resistance, beta cell dysfunction, monogenic forms of diabetes, and complications of diabetes.
