Pathology Introduction Quiz

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What is the primary focus of pathology?

The study of causes and mechanisms of diseases

The study of disease progression

The study of structural and functional changes in disease (correct)

The study of clinical features and their relation to changes

What is the difference between signs and symptoms?

Signs are the treatments for the disease, while symptoms are the preventative measures

Signs are objective changes that the physician observes, while symptoms are subjective changes reported by the patient (correct)

Signs are the patient's personal experience of the disease, while symptoms are measurable changes in body functions

Signs are the causes of the disease, while symptoms are the effects of the disease

Which of the following is not one of the four divisions of pathology?

Morphology

Aetiology

Pathogenesis

Epidemiology (correct)

What does 'prognosis' refer to in the context of pathology?

The prediction of the future course of a disease Signup and view all the answers

What does pathology study in relation to diseases?

The structural and functional changes that occur Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a goal of pathology?

Investigating the causes of a disease (aetiology) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells sense tissue damage at the site of injury and release chemical mediators in acute inflammation?

Mast cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptors play a key role in bridging the innate and adaptive immunity during inflammation?

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) Signup and view all the answers

In acute inflammation, which phase involves changes in blood vessels to allow for increased blood flow and vascular permeability?

Vascular phase Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an innate immune cell expressing Toll-like receptors?

B lymphocyte Signup and view all the answers

Which type of inflammation is characterized by the formation of abscesses and boils?

Localized suppurative inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are part of the cellular phase of acute inflammation and play a role in phagocytosis?

Neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of inflammatory fluid exudates described in the text?

To dilute invading microorganisms and toxins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the local signs of acute inflammation?

Itchiness Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the production of acute phase proteins like CRP and Fibrinogen?

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is responsible for fever during systemic response in acute inflammation?

Bacterial products Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of acute inflammation that leads to healing by connective tissue replacement?

Severe injury or abundant fibrin exudation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fibrinogen in acute inflammation according to the text?

To trap microorganisms and localize infection Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of granuloma mentioned in the text?

Allergic granulomas Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic microscopic feature of chronic specific inflammation?

Formation of granulomas Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a major cause of granulomatous inflammation according to the text?

Malaria Signup and view all the answers

What type of inflammation is characterized by the focal accumulation of macrophages, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts?

Granulomatous inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is NOT listed as a bacterial cause of granulomatous inflammation?

Lyme disease Signup and view all the answers

What type of inflammation usually starts as chronic according to the text?

Granulomatous inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of suppurative inflammation?

Production of a large amount of pus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following microorganisms are commonly associated with suppurative inflammation?

Staphylococcus aureus and non-hemolytic streptococci Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of an abscess?

A cavity with three distinct zones: central necrosis, mid pus, and peripheral inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which pyogenic microorganisms contribute to suppurative inflammation?

They produce toxins that cause tissue necrosis and attract leukocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is a boil?

A small abscess related to hair follicles or sebaceous glands caused by Staphylococci Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a carbuncle?

Multiple communicating deep subcutaneous abscesses opening onto the surface by multiple sinuses Signup and view all the answers