30 Questions
What is the primary focus of pathology?
The study of structural and functional changes in disease
What is the difference between signs and symptoms?
Signs are objective changes that the physician observes, while symptoms are subjective changes reported by the patient
Which of the following is not one of the four divisions of pathology?
Epidemiology
What does 'prognosis' refer to in the context of pathology?
The prediction of the future course of a disease
What does pathology study in relation to diseases?
The structural and functional changes that occur
Which of the following is not a goal of pathology?
Investigating the causes of a disease (aetiology)
What type of cells sense tissue damage at the site of injury and release chemical mediators in acute inflammation?
Mast cells
Which type of receptors play a key role in bridging the innate and adaptive immunity during inflammation?
Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
In acute inflammation, which phase involves changes in blood vessels to allow for increased blood flow and vascular permeability?
Vascular phase
Which of the following is NOT an innate immune cell expressing Toll-like receptors?
B lymphocyte
Which type of inflammation is characterized by the formation of abscesses and boils?
Localized suppurative inflammation
Which cells are part of the cellular phase of acute inflammation and play a role in phagocytosis?
Neutrophils
What is the primary function of inflammatory fluid exudates described in the text?
To dilute invading microorganisms and toxins
Which of the following is NOT a part of the local signs of acute inflammation?
Itchiness
What stimulates the production of acute phase proteins like CRP and Fibrinogen?
Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
Which factor is responsible for fever during systemic response in acute inflammation?
Bacterial products
What is the fate of acute inflammation that leads to healing by connective tissue replacement?
Severe injury or abundant fibrin exudation
What is the role of fibrinogen in acute inflammation according to the text?
To trap microorganisms and localize infection
Which of the following is NOT a type of granuloma mentioned in the text?
Allergic granulomas
What is the characteristic microscopic feature of chronic specific inflammation?
Formation of granulomas
Which of the following is NOT a major cause of granulomatous inflammation according to the text?
Malaria
What type of inflammation is characterized by the focal accumulation of macrophages, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts?
Granulomatous inflammation
Which disease is NOT listed as a bacterial cause of granulomatous inflammation?
Lyme disease
What type of inflammation usually starts as chronic according to the text?
Granulomatous inflammation
What is the main characteristic of suppurative inflammation?
Production of a large amount of pus
Which of the following microorganisms are commonly associated with suppurative inflammation?
Staphylococcus aureus and non-hemolytic streptococci
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of an abscess?
A cavity with three distinct zones: central necrosis, mid pus, and peripheral inflammation
What is the primary mechanism by which pyogenic microorganisms contribute to suppurative inflammation?
They produce toxins that cause tissue necrosis and attract leukocytes
What is a boil?
A small abscess related to hair follicles or sebaceous glands caused by Staphylococci
Which of the following best describes a carbuncle?
Multiple communicating deep subcutaneous abscesses opening onto the surface by multiple sinuses
Test your knowledge about the basics of pathology including the scientific study of disease, structural and functional changes in disease, and the causes and mechanisms of diseases.
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