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Pathology: Hypersensitivity Reactions Study Notes

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Pathology: Hypersensitivity Reactions Study Notes

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Questions and Answers

What is the cause of hypersensitivity reaction?

Inheritance of susceptibility genes

Imbalance between effector cells & regulatory mechanisms (correct)

Exaggerated immune response to antigens

Presence of environmental antigens

Which type of immune diseases does hypersensitivity fall under?

Autoimmune (self react)

Immunodeficiency (under react) (correct)

Both autoimmune and immunodeficiency

None of the above

What cells are involved in hypersensitivity reactions?

Epithelial cells

Endothelial cells

Cells of the immune response (correct)

Red blood cells

Who does hypersensitivity affect?

Only sensitized individuals Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is associated with IgE bound to mast cells and basophils?

Type I immediate hypersensitivity reaction Signup and view all the answers

What elicits hypersensitivity reactions?

Exogenous (environmental) antigens and endogenous (self) antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of atopic individuals?

High serum IgE levels Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody is stimulated by TH2 and binds to FC receptors on the surface of effector cells?

IgE Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of histamine in hypersensitivity reactions?

Vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the dominant inflammatory cell in the late phase reaction of hypersensitivity I?

Neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction occurs 5-30 minutes after re-exposure to an allergen?

Early phase reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical manifestation of systemic (anaphylactic shock) in sensitized individuals?

Profound respiratory distress Signup and view all the answers

Which effector cells are sensitized by IgE in hypersensitivity I?

Mast cells and basophils Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of prostaglandins in hypersensitivity I?

Muscle spasm Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell produces IL-5, which activates eosinophils in the late phase reaction?

TH2 cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of leukotrienes in hypersensitivity I reactions?

Smooth muscle spasm Signup and view all the answers