16 Questions
What is the cause of hypersensitivity reaction?
Imbalance between effector cells & regulatory mechanisms
Which type of immune diseases does hypersensitivity fall under?
Immunodeficiency (under react)
What cells are involved in hypersensitivity reactions?
Cells of the immune response
Who does hypersensitivity affect?
Only sensitized individuals
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is associated with IgE bound to mast cells and basophils?
Type I immediate hypersensitivity reaction
What elicits hypersensitivity reactions?
Exogenous (environmental) antigens and endogenous (self) antigens
What is the characteristic feature of atopic individuals?
High serum IgE levels
Which antibody is stimulated by TH2 and binds to FC receptors on the surface of effector cells?
IgE
What is the main effect of histamine in hypersensitivity reactions?
Vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels
What is the dominant inflammatory cell in the late phase reaction of hypersensitivity I?
Neutrophils
Which type of reaction occurs 5-30 minutes after re-exposure to an allergen?
Early phase reaction
What is the clinical manifestation of systemic (anaphylactic shock) in sensitized individuals?
Profound respiratory distress
Which effector cells are sensitized by IgE in hypersensitivity I?
Mast cells and basophils
What is the main effect of prostaglandins in hypersensitivity I?
Muscle spasm
Which type of cell produces IL-5, which activates eosinophils in the late phase reaction?
TH2 cells
What is the role of leukotrienes in hypersensitivity I reactions?
Smooth muscle spasm
This study note covers the concept of hypersensitivity reactions in pathology. It includes an overview of types of immune diseases and the causes of hypersensitivity reactions.
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