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Pathology: Hyperaemia and Oedema Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is active hyperaemia?

Increased blood flow due to release of vasoactive substances

Increased blood flow due to sympathetic neurogenic mechanism (correct)

Increased blood flow due to muscular relaxation

Increased blood flow due to impaired exit of blood through venous pathways

What is a possible cause of passive hyperaemia?

Increased oxygen demand

Impaired exit of blood through venous pathways (correct)

Release of vasoactive substances

Dilation of arteries, arterioles, and capillaries

How is oedema formation primarily driven?

By increased oxygen demand

By impaired exit of blood through venous pathways

By the release of vasoactive substances (correct)

By sympathetic neurogenic mechanism

What is an example of localised oedema?

Blushing (flushing of the skin in response to emotion) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with generalised oedema?

Menopausal flush Signup and view all the answers

Which staining method is used to visualize Mycobacteria in clinical samples such as sputum, CSF, and pus?

Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the acid-fastness of Mycobacteria?

High content of mycolic acid Signup and view all the answers

What are Mycobacteria primarily known as due to their resistance to decolorization by acids after staining?

Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the Mycobacterial cell wall contributes to their resistance to ordinary staining methods like Gram stain?

Polysaccharides (arabinogalactan) Signup and view all the answers

What are the typical characteristics of Mycobacteria when visualized under a microscope using Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain?

Red, straight or slightly curved rods, singly or in small groups Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?

Coordinate activities to keep internal conditions stable Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary physiological functions?

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'autonomic' reflect about the processes regulated by the ANS?

Largely automatic or involuntary nature Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system implements many of the physiological responses initiated by the hypothalamus?

Autonomic motor system Signup and view all the answers

Where are the circuits that regulate the autonomic nervous system located?

Brain stem and spinal cord Signup and view all the answers