Lecture 10
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Questions and Answers

What is the duration of chronic inflammation?

  • Years to decades
  • Weeks, months to years (correct)
  • Hours to days
  • Days to weeks

    • What is the primary cause of chronic inflammation in diseases such as tuberculosis?

  • Autoimmune diseases
  • Tissue destruction by inflammatory cells
  • Prolonged exposure to toxic agents
  • Persistent infection by microbes (correct)

    • What is the result of tissue destruction in chronic inflammation?

  • Infiltration of mononuclear cells
  • Angiogenesis and fibrosis (correct)
  • Tissue regeneration and remodeling
  • Inflammation and tissue repair

    • What is the characteristic feature of chronic inflammation in terms of cell infiltration?

    <p>Infiltration with mononuclear cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of macrophages in chronic inflammation?

    <p>To ingest the dead tissue and the causative agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of chronic inflammation in terms of systemic effects?

    <p>Systemic manifestations of inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of macrophage accumulation in chronic inflammation?

    <p>All of the above, including continued recruitment of monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of lymphocytes in chronic inflammation?

    <p>Antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of IFN-γ on macrophages?

    <p>Activation of macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of unchecked macrophage activation in chronic inflammation?

    <p>Tissue injury and fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of macrophages in presenting antigens to T lymphocytes?

    <p>To display antigens to T lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of Kupffer cells?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do activated T lymphocytes produce?

    <p>IFN-γ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the chemokine that primes eosinophils for chemotaxis?

    <p>Eotaxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a granuloma?

    <p>Localized collection of epithelioid cells, surrounded by lymphocytes, giant cells and fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of chronic inflammation characterized by a focal response leading to the formation of a specific lesion?

    <p>Specific chronic inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mast cells in inflammatory reactions?

    <p>Participation in both acute and chronic inflammatory reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of cells that are formed by the fusion of macrophages and contain many nuclei?

    <p>Giant cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of Langhan Giant Cells?

    <p>Nuclei are arranged at the periphery in a horse shoe shaped manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of caseating granulomas?

    <p>Central zone of caseous necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the healing process of granulomas?

    <p>Healing by fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an Infective Granuloma?

    <p>Tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the causative agent of Leprosy?

    <p>Mycobacterium Leprae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of Foreign Body Granulomas?

    <p>Caused by foreign substances such as silica or talc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a systemic effect of inflammation?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of IL-6 in the acute-phase reaction?

    <p>Stimulation of hepatic synthesis of opsonins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is caused by the release of TNF and IL-1?

    <p>Leukocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which fibrinogen affects the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)?

    <p>Fibrinogen binds to erythrocytes, causing them to aggregate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an exogenous pyrogen?

    <p>Bacterial lipopolysaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of endogenous pyrogens on the hypothalamus?

    <p>They reset the body temperature setpoint to a higher level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of TNF and IL-1 in the systemic inflammatory response?

    <p>Causing the release of cells from the bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of fibrinogen on the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)?

    <p>It increases the ESR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of endogenous pyrogens?

    <p>Leukocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the leukocytosis in bacterial infections?

    <p>Increase in neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of IL-6 on the hepatic synthesis of opsonins?

    <p>It stimulates the synthesis of opsonins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of endothelial cells in the systemic inflammatory response?

    <p>They synthesize prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the leukocytosis in viral infections?

    <p>Increase in lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of pyrogens on the body temperature?

    <p>It increases the body temperature by 1-4 C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of leukocyte count elevation in the systemic inflammatory response?

    <p>Release of cells from the bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the leukocytosis in allergic conditions and parasite infestations?

    <p>Increase in eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

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