Lecture 10
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Questions and Answers

What is the duration of chronic inflammation?

  • Years to decades
  • Weeks, months to years (correct)
  • Hours to days
  • Days to weeks

What is the primary cause of chronic inflammation in diseases such as tuberculosis?

  • Autoimmune diseases
  • Tissue destruction by inflammatory cells
  • Prolonged exposure to toxic agents
  • Persistent infection by microbes (correct)

What is the result of tissue destruction in chronic inflammation?

  • Infiltration of mononuclear cells
  • Angiogenesis and fibrosis (correct)
  • Tissue regeneration and remodeling
  • Inflammation and tissue repair

What is the characteristic feature of chronic inflammation in terms of cell infiltration?

<p>Infiltration with mononuclear cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of macrophages in chronic inflammation?

<p>To ingest the dead tissue and the causative agents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of chronic inflammation in terms of systemic effects?

<p>Systemic manifestations of inflammation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of macrophage accumulation in chronic inflammation?

<p>All of the above, including continued recruitment of monocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of lymphocytes in chronic inflammation?

<p>Antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immunity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of IFN-γ on macrophages?

<p>Activation of macrophages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of unchecked macrophage activation in chronic inflammation?

<p>Tissue injury and fibrosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of macrophages in presenting antigens to T lymphocytes?

<p>To display antigens to T lymphocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of Kupffer cells?

<p>Liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do activated T lymphocytes produce?

<p>IFN-γ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the chemokine that primes eosinophils for chemotaxis?

<p>Eotaxin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a granuloma?

<p>Localized collection of epithelioid cells, surrounded by lymphocytes, giant cells and fibroblasts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of chronic inflammation characterized by a focal response leading to the formation of a specific lesion?

<p>Specific chronic inflammation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mast cells in inflammatory reactions?

<p>Participation in both acute and chronic inflammatory reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of cells that are formed by the fusion of macrophages and contain many nuclei?

<p>Giant cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of Langhan Giant Cells?

<p>Nuclei are arranged at the periphery in a horse shoe shaped manner (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of caseating granulomas?

<p>Central zone of caseous necrosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the healing process of granulomas?

<p>Healing by fibrosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an Infective Granuloma?

<p>Tuberculosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the causative agent of Leprosy?

<p>Mycobacterium Leprae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of Foreign Body Granulomas?

<p>Caused by foreign substances such as silica or talc (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a systemic effect of inflammation?

<p>Hypertension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of IL-6 in the acute-phase reaction?

<p>Stimulation of hepatic synthesis of opsonins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is caused by the release of TNF and IL-1?

<p>Leukocytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which fibrinogen affects the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)?

<p>Fibrinogen binds to erythrocytes, causing them to aggregate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an exogenous pyrogen?

<p>Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of endogenous pyrogens on the hypothalamus?

<p>They reset the body temperature setpoint to a higher level (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of TNF and IL-1 in the systemic inflammatory response?

<p>Causing the release of cells from the bone marrow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of fibrinogen on the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)?

<p>It increases the ESR (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of endogenous pyrogens?

<p>Leukocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the leukocytosis in bacterial infections?

<p>Increase in neutrophils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of IL-6 on the hepatic synthesis of opsonins?

<p>It stimulates the synthesis of opsonins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of endothelial cells in the systemic inflammatory response?

<p>They synthesize prostaglandins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the leukocytosis in viral infections?

<p>Increase in lymphocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of pyrogens on the body temperature?

<p>It increases the body temperature by 1-4 C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of leukocyte count elevation in the systemic inflammatory response?

<p>Release of cells from the bone marrow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the leukocytosis in allergic conditions and parasite infestations?

<p>Increase in eosinophils (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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