37 Questions
What is a possible cause of chronic inflammation?
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT a disease with a chronic inflammatory component?
Gout
Why is visceral obesity considered a risk factor for various diseases such as diabetes and atherosclerosis?
Visceral obesity is associated with chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome
What is the pathophysiologic link between chronic inflammation and insulin resistance?
Chronic inflammation exacerbates insulin resistance and vice versa, forming a vicious cycle
What distinguishes chronic inflammation from acute inflammation?
Chronic inflammation lasts weeks to years and involves tissue injury and repair
How does visceral obesity contribute to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases?
Visceral obesity is associated with chronic inflammation and metabolic syndrome, which are risk factors for various diseases
What role do classically-activated macrophages play in the general processes of inflammation and repair?
They are involved in promoting inflammation and clearing pathogens or damaged cells
What is the significance of distinguishing between classically-activated vs. alternatively activated macrophages in the general processes of inflammation and repair?
Distinguishing between these two types helps in understanding their distinct roles in promoting or resolving inflammation and tissue repair
What can excessive lipid buildup do to the adipocyte?
Cause insulin resistance
Which cells predominate in chronic inflammation?
Macrophages and lymphocytes
What replaces the parenchyma that dies during chronic inflammation?
Fibrotic tissue
Which diseases result from immune-mediated chronic inflammation?
Autoimmune and allergic diseases
What type of diseases are typically Th2-mediated?
Allergic diseases
How are autoimmune diseases mostly mediated?
By the adaptive immune system
What does prolonged exposure to toxins cause?
Chronic inflammation
What is the main function of pro-inflammatory macrophages in chronic inflammation?
Destruction of bacteria and removal of cellular debris
Which type of macrophages are induced by microbial products and cytokines, and are involved in increasing inflammation?
Classically-activated macrophages
What is the predominant cell type in inflamed tissue after 48 hours to 1 week of inflammation?
Macrophages
Which cells are part of the reticuloendothelial system and are involved in chronic inflammation?
All of the above
What contributes to the activation of lymphocytes and stimulates cell division, deposition of connective tissue, and angiogenesis in chronic inflammation?
Secretion of growth factors
Which type of macrophages are induced by other cytokines and play a role in tissue repair and resolution of inflammation?
Alternatively-activated macrophages
Which factors are by secreted by pro-inflammatory macrophages?
All of the above
What role do alternatively-activated macrophages play in chronic inflammation?
Angiogenesis
Which type of macrophages are induced by IFN-gamma?
Classically-activated macrophages
What do pro-inflammatory macrophages secrete to mediate the inflammatory process?
Leukotrienes and prostaglandins
Which cell type helps in efficient and proficient phagocytosis in chronic inflammation?
Macrophages
What type of diseases are Th-17 mediated?
Autoimmune diseases
Which of the following signals promotes the differentiation of tissue macrophages to Alternatively activated macrophages?
IL-4
Which of the following processes can lead to fibrosis?
All of the above
Angiogenesis is first triggered by vasodilation
True
Tertiary lymphoid organs are prominent sources of inflammation in autoimmune conditions such as Rheumatoid Arthritis
True
Which of the following is the first step in the healing process?
Hemostasis
When during the healing process is type 3 collagen laid down?
Proliferation
Type 3 collagen is converted to the stronger Type 1 collagen during the _________ phase of the healing process
Maturation
Which of the following are considered granuloma causing diseases?
All of the above
The pathological hallmark of tuberculosis is the caseating _________
granuloma
A granuloma consists of the aggregation of ___________ that are transformed into epithelium-like cells
Macrophages
Test your knowledge about the concepts of chronic inflammation in the immune system with this quiz. Explore the pathophysiologic processes, histologic characteristics, and the link between chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Identify the categories of conditions associated with chronic inflammation and understand the involvement of classically-activated versus alternatively-activated macrophages.
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