8 Questions
Which condition is suggested by a narrow and dense band at the γ-globulin region with immunoparesis?
Multiple myeloma
What pathological change is likely if there is a decrease in albumin, α1-globulin, and γ-globulin bands with an increase in α2 and β-globulin bands?
Nephrotic syndrome
An increase in α1-globulin and α2-globulin bands suggests which condition?
Acute phase reaction
Which pathological change is implied by fusion of β and γ bands (β γ bridging)?
Liver cirrhosis
What does an increase in the γ-globulin band suggest?
Chronic inflammatory disease
Absent or decreased γ-globulin band suggests which condition?
Immune deficiency
Which of the following conditions is associated with immunoparesis?
Multiple myeloma
Which protein bands suggest a protein-losing state such as nephrotic syndrome?
Decreased α1-globulin band
Study Notes
Pathological Changes in SPE
- Monoclonal immunoglobulin (paraprotein or M-band) at the γ-globulin region suggests multiple myeloma, a malignant tumor of monoclonal plasma cells.
- Multiple myeloma leads to immunoparesis, reduction of RBC, WBC, and platelet production, and increased susceptibility to pathological fractures.
- Decreased albumin, α1-globulin, and γ-globulin bands, along with increased α2 and β-globulin bands, indicate a protein-losing state, such as nephrotic syndrome.
- Increased α1-globulin band suggests an acute phase reaction, which can occur in acute illnesses, and may be accompanied by a decrease in albumin bands.
- Elevated α2-globulin band indicates an acute phase reaction, specifically involving haptoglobin.
- β-γ bridging suggests increased IgA, which is associated with liver cirrhosis, chronic respiratory or skin infections.
- Polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, indicated by an increased γ-globulin band, is associated with immune reactions, chronic inflammatory diseases, chronic hepatitis, or disseminated neoplasms.
- Agammaglobulinemia or hypogammaglobulinemia, characterized by an absent or decreased γ-globulin band, indicates immune deficiency, which can be congenital or acquired.
This quiz covers the typical SPE changes in multiple myeloma, a malignant tumour of monoclonal plasma cells. It discusses the impact of monoclonal immunoglobulin on the production of RBC, WBC, and platelets in the bone marrow.
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