Growth and puberty

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The most important parameter in determining whether short stature is pathologic is:

family history

growth velocity (correct)

bone age

growth hormone level

The most common cause of delayed puberty in males is:

poor nutrition

vaping

constitutional delay (correct)

medications

Calculate the mid parental height for a male with the following: Paternal height 175 cm, Maternal height 165 cm

170 cm (67")

176.5 cm (69.5") (correct)

163.5 cm (64.4")

cannot be calculated

The onset of puberty in females is earlier than 20 years ago due to: A. Genetic changes in our population B. Environmental exposures C. Exposure to sexually explicit content online D. In utero environment E. A&C F. B&D

F. B&D Signup and view all the answers

The most common presenting sign of Turner syndrome is

short stature Signup and view all the answers

Final height in constitutional delay of growth and puberty is typically:

similar to same sex sibling Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age range for the onset of normal rechanneling?

0-3 years Signup and view all the answers

If a child is experiencing increasing weight gain while growth is trending down, the likely cause is:

hormonal effects Signup and view all the answers

Steroid use for asthma in children can lead to stature with weight due to

short, gain, excess cortisol Signup and view all the answers

What drives the growth spurts during adolescent development?

Release of growth hormones Signup and view all the answers

What does Tanner staging provide a standardized system for assessing?

Physical and emotional changes during adolescence Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Tanner staging?

To assess the sexual maturation of adolescents Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the process of puberty?

Onset of reproductive function and secondary sexual characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What influences sexual maturation in individuals?

Genetics, hormones, and environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

When do growth spurts typically occur during adolescence?

Between the ages of 11 and 15 Signup and view all the answers

What is a known factor that may contribute to precocious puberty?

Exposure to high levels of estrogen in the environment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of precocious puberty in boys?

Early voice change Signup and view all the answers

How is the diagnosis of precocious puberty typically made?

Physical examination, medical history, and hormonal testing Signup and view all the answers

What does the treatment for precocious puberty depend on?

The underlying cause Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential impact of early onset of puberty?

Increased risk of breast cancer in girls and prostate cancer in boys Signup and view all the answers

What may be required if precocious puberty is due to a brain tumor?

Surgery to remove the tumor Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for parents and healthcare providers to be aware of the potential causes, symptoms, and treatments of precocious puberty?

To provide appropriate care and support for affected children Signup and view all the answers

What are some potential reasons for delayed puberty?

Hypothyroidism and growth hormone deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of delayed puberty in females after the age of 16?

Absence of menstruation Signup and view all the answers

How is delayed puberty diagnosed?

By using healthcare provider's assessment and possibly medical tests Signup and view all the answers

What role does genetics play in the timing of puberty?

It can influence the timing of puberty, with some families experiencing early or late puberty Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of growth hormone therapy in the treatment of delayed puberty?

To address growth hormone deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What may be prescribed if delayed puberty is caused by hormonal imbalances?

Hormone therapy Signup and view all the answers

What can individuals experiencing delayed puberty potentially require due to emotional distress?

Counseling or therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential impact of delayed puberty on an individual's well-being?

Social difficulties Signup and view all the answers

In cases where delayed puberty is caused by hormonal imbalances, what treatment option may be recommended?

Hormone therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the NF1 gene in the development of Neurofibromatosis Type I?

It produces a protein that regulates cell growth and division Signup and view all the answers

How is Neurofibromatosis Type I inherited?

In an autosomal dominant pattern Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical criteria used for diagnosing Neurofibromatosis Type I according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)?

Presence of six or more café-au-lait spots and freckling in the axillary and inguinal regions Signup and view all the answers

Why is diagnosing Neurofibromatosis Type I challenging?

There is no definitive diagnostic test for NF1 Signup and view all the answers

What are Lisch nodules in the context of Neurofibromatosis Type I?

Benign growths on the iris of the eye Signup and view all the answers

How do plexiform neurofibromas differ from regular neurofibromas in NF1?

They are tumors that grow under the skin and can cause disfigurement Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of optic glioma in Neurofibromatosis Type I?

Vision loss Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in managing Neurofibromatosis Type I?

Regular monitoring Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of physical therapy in the management of Neurofibromatosis Type I?

To improve mobility and function in affected areas Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes café-au-lait spots from freckles in Neurofibromatosis Type I?

They are flat, brownish-colored spots present at birth or shortly after Signup and view all the answers

The smallest testicular size to be able to reproduce is:

4 cc (Tanner II) Signup and view all the answers

A growth chart showing height with weight could be caused by familial tall structure, precocious puberty, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Marfan syndrome, GH excess

tall, increased Signup and view all the answers

ADHD medications, poor intake, celiac disease, hypopituitism, and cystic fibrosis can lead to stature with weight gain

short, poor Signup and view all the answers

Precocious puberty, exogenous hormone exposure, and exogenous obesity are examples of causes of _ stature with weight __.

tall, gain Signup and view all the answers

All short females with delayed puberty need ____

karyotype Signup and view all the answers