Immunity
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Immunity

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Questions and Answers

Which statement accurately describes the action of antibiotics on viruses?

  • Antibiotics work by directly attacking the protein coat of viruses, rendering them inactive.
  • Antibiotics effectively target and eliminate viruses by inhibiting their genetic material from replicating.
  • Antibiotics generally don’t work to cure a viral infection, as they cannot stop an infected host cell from producing more viruses or prevent virions from entering. (correct)
  • Antibiotics are only partially effective against viruses, as they can slow down the viral replication process.

    • What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

  • Defend the body against infection and produce virions to fight pathogens.
  • Maintain the volume of blood and transport fats and fat-soluble vitamins absorbed from the digestive system to the cardiovascular system. (correct)
  • Act as a structural support system for the cardiovascular system and aid in oxygen transport.
  • Serve as a network of small, blind-ended lymphatic capillaries in the vicinity of the cell and blood capillaries.

    • What is a prion according to the provided information?

  • A bacteria that relies on living human cells for its energy supply and damages or kills the human cells.
  • A type of virus that primarily affects British cattle by damaging their brains and spinal cord.
  • An infectious agent consisting solely of a small piece of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat.
  • A misfolded form of normal brain cell protein that can trigger the misfolding of nearby normal proteins, entering nerve cells and becoming self-propagating. (correct)

    • Which of the following is true about the spleen's function?

    <p>Cleansing blood and fighting infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of natural killer cells in the immune system?

    <p>Targeting tumors and virus-infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the complement system in the immune system?

    <p>Assisting in destroying pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity involves the administration of a vaccine to activate the body's immune system in advance?

    <p>Active immunization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do B lymphocytes mature and produce antibodies for antibody-mediated immunity?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins are unique markers on human cells recognized by the immune system?

    <p>MHC proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of T lymphocytes in cell-mediated immunity?

    <p>Directly attack infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antibiotics are effective in treating viral infections

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lymphatic system does not play a role in defending the body against infection

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prions are normal brain cell proteins that function properly within the body

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thymus gland secretes hormones that cause B lymphocytes to mature

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inflammation is a response to injury and has three outward signs

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phagocytes are red blood cells that destroy foreign cells through phagocytosis

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antibodies inactivate pathogens by causing agglutination or by marking them for destruction.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Passive immunization is somewhat effective against existing infections and provides at least some short-term immunity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Active immunization involves administering a vaccine to activate the body's immune system in advance.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins are not unique markers on human cells recognized by the immune system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following immune system components with their descriptions:

    <p>Antigens = Substances that mobilize the immune system and provoke an immune response MHC proteins = Unique markers on human cells recognized by the immune system B lymphocytes = Mature in the bone marrow and produce antibodies for antibody-mediated immunity T lymphocytes = Mature in the thymus gland and are central to cell-mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following antibody classes with their functions and locations:

    <p>IgG = Provides long-term immunity and crosses the placenta from mother to fetus IgM = First antibody produced in response to an infection IgA = Found in mucous membranes, saliva, and tears IgE = Involved in allergic reactions and defense against parasitic infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following immunization types with their descriptions:

    <p>Active immunization = Involves administering a vaccine to activate the body's immune system in advance Passive immunization = Involves giving antibodies prepared in advance to help fight existing or anticipated infections Natural passive immunization = Occurs through the placenta and breast-feeding, conferring short-term immunity to the fetus and newborn Effectiveness of passive immunization = Somewhat effective against existing infections and provides at least some short-term immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Overview of the Immune System and Immunization

    • The immune system has a "memory" that allows it to respond more quickly to later invasions by the same pathogen.
    • Antigens are substances that mobilize the immune system and provoke an immune response.
    • Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins are unique markers on human cells recognized by the immune system.
    • B lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow and produce antibodies for antibody-mediated immunity.
    • T lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland and are central to cell-mediated immunity.
    • Antibodies inactivate pathogens by causing agglutination or by marking them for destruction.
    • Five classes of antibodies (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE) have distinct functions and locations in the body.
    • T cells play a role in cell-mediated immunity and are determined by surface proteins CD4 or CD8.
    • Active immunization involves administering a vaccine to activate the body's immune system in advance.
    • Passive immunization involves giving antibodies prepared in advance to help fight existing or anticipated infections.
    • Passive immunization can occur naturally through the placenta and breast-feeding, conferring short-term immunity to the fetus and newborn.
    • Passive immunization is somewhat effective against existing infections and provides at least some short-term immunity.

    Overview of the Immune System and Immunization

    • The immune system has a "memory" that allows it to respond more quickly to later invasions by the same pathogen.
    • Antigens are substances that mobilize the immune system and provoke an immune response.
    • Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins are unique markers on human cells recognized by the immune system.
    • B lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow and produce antibodies for antibody-mediated immunity.
    • T lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland and are central to cell-mediated immunity.
    • Antibodies inactivate pathogens by causing agglutination or by marking them for destruction.
    • Five classes of antibodies (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE) have distinct functions and locations in the body.
    • T cells play a role in cell-mediated immunity and are determined by surface proteins CD4 or CD8.
    • Active immunization involves administering a vaccine to activate the body's immune system in advance.
    • Passive immunization involves giving antibodies prepared in advance to help fight existing or anticipated infections.
    • Passive immunization can occur naturally through the placenta and breast-feeding, conferring short-term immunity to the fetus and newborn.
    • Passive immunization is somewhat effective against existing infections and provides at least some short-term immunity.

    Overview of the Immune System and Immunization

    • The immune system has a "memory" that allows it to respond more quickly to later invasions by the same pathogen.
    • Antigens are substances that mobilize the immune system and provoke an immune response.
    • Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins are unique markers on human cells recognized by the immune system.
    • B lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow and produce antibodies for antibody-mediated immunity.
    • T lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland and are central to cell-mediated immunity.
    • Antibodies inactivate pathogens by causing agglutination or by marking them for destruction.
    • Five classes of antibodies (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE) have distinct functions and locations in the body.
    • T cells play a role in cell-mediated immunity and are determined by surface proteins CD4 or CD8.
    • Active immunization involves administering a vaccine to activate the body's immune system in advance.
    • Passive immunization involves giving antibodies prepared in advance to help fight existing or anticipated infections.
    • Passive immunization can occur naturally through the placenta and breast-feeding, conferring short-term immunity to the fetus and newborn.
    • Passive immunization is somewhat effective against existing infections and provides at least some short-term immunity.

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    Test your knowledge about the differences between bacteria and viruses as pathogens. Learn about the characteristics, behavior, and treatment of these two types of infectious agents.

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