23 Questions
Which statement accurately describes the action of antibiotics on viruses?
Antibiotics generally don’t work to cure a viral infection, as they cannot stop an infected host cell from producing more viruses or prevent virions from entering.
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
Maintain the volume of blood and transport fats and fat-soluble vitamins absorbed from the digestive system to the cardiovascular system.
What is a prion according to the provided information?
A misfolded form of normal brain cell protein that can trigger the misfolding of nearby normal proteins, entering nerve cells and becoming self-propagating.
Which of the following is true about the spleen's function?
Cleansing blood and fighting infection
What is the role of natural killer cells in the immune system?
Targeting tumors and virus-infected cells
What is the function of the complement system in the immune system?
Assisting in destroying pathogens
Which type of immunity involves the administration of a vaccine to activate the body's immune system in advance?
Active immunization
Where do B lymphocytes mature and produce antibodies for antibody-mediated immunity?
Bone marrow
Which proteins are unique markers on human cells recognized by the immune system?
MHC proteins
What is the primary function of T lymphocytes in cell-mediated immunity?
Directly attack infected cells
Antibiotics are effective in treating viral infections
False
The lymphatic system does not play a role in defending the body against infection
False
Prions are normal brain cell proteins that function properly within the body
False
Thymus gland secretes hormones that cause B lymphocytes to mature
False
Inflammation is a response to injury and has three outward signs
False
Phagocytes are red blood cells that destroy foreign cells through phagocytosis
False
Antibodies inactivate pathogens by causing agglutination or by marking them for destruction.
True
Passive immunization is somewhat effective against existing infections and provides at least some short-term immunity.
True
Active immunization involves administering a vaccine to activate the body's immune system in advance.
True
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins are not unique markers on human cells recognized by the immune system.
False
Match the following immune system components with their descriptions:
Antigens = Substances that mobilize the immune system and provoke an immune response MHC proteins = Unique markers on human cells recognized by the immune system B lymphocytes = Mature in the bone marrow and produce antibodies for antibody-mediated immunity T lymphocytes = Mature in the thymus gland and are central to cell-mediated immunity
Match the following antibody classes with their functions and locations:
IgG = Provides long-term immunity and crosses the placenta from mother to fetus IgM = First antibody produced in response to an infection IgA = Found in mucous membranes, saliva, and tears IgE = Involved in allergic reactions and defense against parasitic infections
Match the following immunization types with their descriptions:
Active immunization = Involves administering a vaccine to activate the body's immune system in advance Passive immunization = Involves giving antibodies prepared in advance to help fight existing or anticipated infections Natural passive immunization = Occurs through the placenta and breast-feeding, conferring short-term immunity to the fetus and newborn Effectiveness of passive immunization = Somewhat effective against existing infections and provides at least some short-term immunity
Study Notes
Overview of the Immune System and Immunization
- The immune system has a "memory" that allows it to respond more quickly to later invasions by the same pathogen.
- Antigens are substances that mobilize the immune system and provoke an immune response.
- Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins are unique markers on human cells recognized by the immune system.
- B lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow and produce antibodies for antibody-mediated immunity.
- T lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland and are central to cell-mediated immunity.
- Antibodies inactivate pathogens by causing agglutination or by marking them for destruction.
- Five classes of antibodies (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE) have distinct functions and locations in the body.
- T cells play a role in cell-mediated immunity and are determined by surface proteins CD4 or CD8.
- Active immunization involves administering a vaccine to activate the body's immune system in advance.
- Passive immunization involves giving antibodies prepared in advance to help fight existing or anticipated infections.
- Passive immunization can occur naturally through the placenta and breast-feeding, conferring short-term immunity to the fetus and newborn.
- Passive immunization is somewhat effective against existing infections and provides at least some short-term immunity.
Overview of the Immune System and Immunization
- The immune system has a "memory" that allows it to respond more quickly to later invasions by the same pathogen.
- Antigens are substances that mobilize the immune system and provoke an immune response.
- Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins are unique markers on human cells recognized by the immune system.
- B lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow and produce antibodies for antibody-mediated immunity.
- T lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland and are central to cell-mediated immunity.
- Antibodies inactivate pathogens by causing agglutination or by marking them for destruction.
- Five classes of antibodies (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE) have distinct functions and locations in the body.
- T cells play a role in cell-mediated immunity and are determined by surface proteins CD4 or CD8.
- Active immunization involves administering a vaccine to activate the body's immune system in advance.
- Passive immunization involves giving antibodies prepared in advance to help fight existing or anticipated infections.
- Passive immunization can occur naturally through the placenta and breast-feeding, conferring short-term immunity to the fetus and newborn.
- Passive immunization is somewhat effective against existing infections and provides at least some short-term immunity.
Overview of the Immune System and Immunization
- The immune system has a "memory" that allows it to respond more quickly to later invasions by the same pathogen.
- Antigens are substances that mobilize the immune system and provoke an immune response.
- Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins are unique markers on human cells recognized by the immune system.
- B lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow and produce antibodies for antibody-mediated immunity.
- T lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland and are central to cell-mediated immunity.
- Antibodies inactivate pathogens by causing agglutination or by marking them for destruction.
- Five classes of antibodies (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE) have distinct functions and locations in the body.
- T cells play a role in cell-mediated immunity and are determined by surface proteins CD4 or CD8.
- Active immunization involves administering a vaccine to activate the body's immune system in advance.
- Passive immunization involves giving antibodies prepared in advance to help fight existing or anticipated infections.
- Passive immunization can occur naturally through the placenta and breast-feeding, conferring short-term immunity to the fetus and newborn.
- Passive immunization is somewhat effective against existing infections and provides at least some short-term immunity.
Test your knowledge about the differences between bacteria and viruses as pathogens. Learn about the characteristics, behavior, and treatment of these two types of infectious agents.
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