Immunity
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Questions and Answers

Which statement accurately describes the action of antibiotics on viruses?

  • Antibiotics work by directly attacking the protein coat of viruses, rendering them inactive.
  • Antibiotics effectively target and eliminate viruses by inhibiting their genetic material from replicating.
  • Antibiotics generally don’t work to cure a viral infection, as they cannot stop an infected host cell from producing more viruses or prevent virions from entering. (correct)
  • Antibiotics are only partially effective against viruses, as they can slow down the viral replication process.

    • What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

  • Defend the body against infection and produce virions to fight pathogens.
  • Maintain the volume of blood and transport fats and fat-soluble vitamins absorbed from the digestive system to the cardiovascular system. (correct)
  • Act as a structural support system for the cardiovascular system and aid in oxygen transport.
  • Serve as a network of small, blind-ended lymphatic capillaries in the vicinity of the cell and blood capillaries.

    • What is a prion according to the provided information?

  • A bacteria that relies on living human cells for its energy supply and damages or kills the human cells.
  • A type of virus that primarily affects British cattle by damaging their brains and spinal cord.
  • An infectious agent consisting solely of a small piece of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat.
  • A misfolded form of normal brain cell protein that can trigger the misfolding of nearby normal proteins, entering nerve cells and becoming self-propagating. (correct)

    • Which of the following is true about the spleen's function?

    <p>Cleansing blood and fighting infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of natural killer cells in the immune system?

    <p>Targeting tumors and virus-infected cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the complement system in the immune system?

    <p>Assisting in destroying pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity involves the administration of a vaccine to activate the body's immune system in advance?

    <p>Active immunization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do B lymphocytes mature and produce antibodies for antibody-mediated immunity?

    <p>Bone marrow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins are unique markers on human cells recognized by the immune system?

    <p>MHC proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of T lymphocytes in cell-mediated immunity?

    <p>Directly attack infected cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antibiotics are effective in treating viral infections

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lymphatic system does not play a role in defending the body against infection

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prions are normal brain cell proteins that function properly within the body

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thymus gland secretes hormones that cause B lymphocytes to mature

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inflammation is a response to injury and has three outward signs

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phagocytes are red blood cells that destroy foreign cells through phagocytosis

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antibodies inactivate pathogens by causing agglutination or by marking them for destruction.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Passive immunization is somewhat effective against existing infections and provides at least some short-term immunity.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Active immunization involves administering a vaccine to activate the body's immune system in advance.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins are not unique markers on human cells recognized by the immune system.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following immune system components with their descriptions:

    <p>Antigens = Substances that mobilize the immune system and provoke an immune response MHC proteins = Unique markers on human cells recognized by the immune system B lymphocytes = Mature in the bone marrow and produce antibodies for antibody-mediated immunity T lymphocytes = Mature in the thymus gland and are central to cell-mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following antibody classes with their functions and locations:

    <p>IgG = Provides long-term immunity and crosses the placenta from mother to fetus IgM = First antibody produced in response to an infection IgA = Found in mucous membranes, saliva, and tears IgE = Involved in allergic reactions and defense against parasitic infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following immunization types with their descriptions:

    <p>Active immunization = Involves administering a vaccine to activate the body's immune system in advance Passive immunization = Involves giving antibodies prepared in advance to help fight existing or anticipated infections Natural passive immunization = Occurs through the placenta and breast-feeding, conferring short-term immunity to the fetus and newborn Effectiveness of passive immunization = Somewhat effective against existing infections and provides at least some short-term immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Immune system memory

    The ability of the immune system to respond faster upon re-exposure to the same pathogen.

    Antigens

    Substances that trigger an immune response by mobilizing the immune system.

    MHC proteins

    Major histocompatibility complex proteins that serve as unique markers on human cells recognized by the immune system.

    B lymphocytes

    White blood cells that mature in the bone marrow and produce antibodies for defense.

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    T lymphocytes

    White blood cells that mature in the thymus and are crucial for cell-mediated immunity.

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    Antibody functions

    Antibodies inactivate pathogens by causing agglutination or marking them for destruction.

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    Five classes of antibodies

    IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE, each with distinct roles and locations in the body.

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    CD4 T cells

    T cells characterized by CD4 surface proteins, associated with helper functions in the immune response.

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    CD8 T cells

    T cells that express CD8 surface proteins, primarily involved in killing infected cells.

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    Active immunization

    The process of administering a vaccine to stimulate an immune response in advance.

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    Passive immunization

    Providing ready-made antibodies to fight infections currently happening or expected.

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    Natural passive immunization

    Transfer of antibodies from mother to child through the placenta or breastfeeding.

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    Short-term immunity

    Temporary protection provided by passive immunization, lasting until the body produces its own defense.

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    Agglutination

    The clumping together of pathogens by antibodies, aiding in their neutralization.

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    Cell-mediated immunity

    A type of immunity primarily involving T cells and their response to infected cells.

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    Antibody-mediated immunity

    Immunity that relies on B lymphocytes producing antibodies to bind to pathogens.

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    Immunization

    The process of making a person immune to a disease, typically via vaccination.

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    Vaccine

    A preparation that stimulates an immune response to provide protection against disease.

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    Immune system

    The body’s defense system against infectious organisms and other invaders.

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    Infection

    The invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses that are not normally present in the body.

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    Pathogen

    Any organism that can cause disease, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites.

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    Short-term immunity

    Immunity that lasts for a limited period, often associated with passive forms.

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    Immune response

    The reaction of the immune system to foreign substances or pathogens.

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    Study Notes

    Overview of the Immune System and Immunization

    • The immune system has a "memory" that allows it to respond more quickly to later invasions by the same pathogen.
    • Antigens are substances that mobilize the immune system and provoke an immune response.
    • Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins are unique markers on human cells recognized by the immune system.
    • B lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow and produce antibodies for antibody-mediated immunity.
    • T lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland and are central to cell-mediated immunity.
    • Antibodies inactivate pathogens by causing agglutination or by marking them for destruction.
    • Five classes of antibodies (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE) have distinct functions and locations in the body.
    • T cells play a role in cell-mediated immunity and are determined by surface proteins CD4 or CD8.
    • Active immunization involves administering a vaccine to activate the body's immune system in advance.
    • Passive immunization involves giving antibodies prepared in advance to help fight existing or anticipated infections.
    • Passive immunization can occur naturally through the placenta and breast-feeding, conferring short-term immunity to the fetus and newborn.
    • Passive immunization is somewhat effective against existing infections and provides at least some short-term immunity.

    Overview of the Immune System and Immunization

    • The immune system has a "memory" that allows it to respond more quickly to later invasions by the same pathogen.
    • Antigens are substances that mobilize the immune system and provoke an immune response.
    • Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins are unique markers on human cells recognized by the immune system.
    • B lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow and produce antibodies for antibody-mediated immunity.
    • T lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland and are central to cell-mediated immunity.
    • Antibodies inactivate pathogens by causing agglutination or by marking them for destruction.
    • Five classes of antibodies (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE) have distinct functions and locations in the body.
    • T cells play a role in cell-mediated immunity and are determined by surface proteins CD4 or CD8.
    • Active immunization involves administering a vaccine to activate the body's immune system in advance.
    • Passive immunization involves giving antibodies prepared in advance to help fight existing or anticipated infections.
    • Passive immunization can occur naturally through the placenta and breast-feeding, conferring short-term immunity to the fetus and newborn.
    • Passive immunization is somewhat effective against existing infections and provides at least some short-term immunity.

    Overview of the Immune System and Immunization

    • The immune system has a "memory" that allows it to respond more quickly to later invasions by the same pathogen.
    • Antigens are substances that mobilize the immune system and provoke an immune response.
    • Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins are unique markers on human cells recognized by the immune system.
    • B lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow and produce antibodies for antibody-mediated immunity.
    • T lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland and are central to cell-mediated immunity.
    • Antibodies inactivate pathogens by causing agglutination or by marking them for destruction.
    • Five classes of antibodies (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE) have distinct functions and locations in the body.
    • T cells play a role in cell-mediated immunity and are determined by surface proteins CD4 or CD8.
    • Active immunization involves administering a vaccine to activate the body's immune system in advance.
    • Passive immunization involves giving antibodies prepared in advance to help fight existing or anticipated infections.
    • Passive immunization can occur naturally through the placenta and breast-feeding, conferring short-term immunity to the fetus and newborn.
    • Passive immunization is somewhat effective against existing infections and provides at least some short-term immunity.

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    Test your knowledge about the differences between bacteria and viruses as pathogens. Learn about the characteristics, behavior, and treatment of these two types of infectious agents.

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