Pathogenicity and Bacterial Pathogens
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Questions and Answers

What are the attributes required for pathogenicity?

  • Presence of a vector, communicability, and transmissibility
  • Transmissibility, infectivity, and virulence (correct)
  • Infectivity, communicability, and presence of antibodies
  • Survival in the new host, presence of antibiotics, and communicability

What are the two broad groups of bacterial pathogens?

  • Primary pathogens and antibiotic-resistant pathogens
  • Transmissible pathogens and environmental pathogens
  • Primary pathogens and opportunistic pathogens (correct)
  • Opportunistic pathogens and secondary pathogens

What is the definition of 'virulence' in the context of bacterial pathogens?

  • The ability of a pathogen to spread quickly through a population
  • The ability of a pathogen to cause disease in a host (correct)
  • The ability of a pathogen to evade the host's defenses
  • The ability of a pathogen to survive in the environment

What is the definition of 'infection' in the context of bacterial pathogens?

<p>The multiplication of an infectious agent within the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a nonpathogen?

<p>A microorganism that does not cause disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a source of infection?

<p>Sunlight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a mode of transmission for pathogens?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is NOT transmitted via direct contact?

<p>Tuberculosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a fomite?

<p>A non-living object that carries a pathogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a foodborne illness?

<p>Dysentery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Congenital infections can only occur during pregnancy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a nosocomial infection?

<p>An infection acquired in a healthcare setting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an iatrogenic infection?

<p>A urinary tract infection caused by a catheter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pathogenicity

The ability of a pathogen to cause disease.

Transmissibility

The ability of a pathogen to transmit from one host to another.

Survival in the new host

The survival of a pathogen in a new host.

Infectivity

The ability of a pathogen to breach the host's defenses and establish infection.

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Virulence

The degree of harm a pathogen can inflict on the host.

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Pathogenesis

The process by which a pathogen enters the body and causes disease.

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Primary Pathogen

A pathogen capable of causing disease in healthy individuals with intact immune systems.

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Opportunistic Pathogen

A pathogen that causes disease only in individuals with weakened immune systems.

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Microbiota

The microbial flora normally found in healthy individuals.

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Nonpathogen

A microorganism that does not cause disease.

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Pathogen

A microorganism capable of causing disease.

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Infection

The multiplication of an infectious agent inside the body.

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Invasion

The process by which bacteria, parasites, fungi, and viruses enter host cells and tissues.

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Source of infection

An environment where infectious agents can survive and potentially spread.

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Vector

A living organism that transmits a pathogen.

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Animal reservoir

An animal that harbors a pathogen and can transmit it to humans.

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Zoonosis

A disease that is transmitted from animals to humans.

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Healthy carrier

A human who carries a pathogen but does not show symptoms.

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Transmission of infection

The spread of an infectious agent from one host to another.

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Direct contact

Direct contact with an infected person.

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Indirect contact

Contact with a contaminated object.

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Droplet nuclei

Inhaling small droplets of moisture containing a pathogen.

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Dust

Inhaling dust containing a pathogen.

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Ingestion

Ingesting food or drink contaminated with a pathogen.

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Inoculation

Introducing a pathogen directly into the body.

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Vector borne

Transmission of a pathogen through insect bites.

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Congenital

Transmission of a pathogen from mother to child during pregnancy or childbirth.

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Iatrogenic

Infection caused by medical procedures or treatments.

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Nosocomial

Infection acquired in a healthcare setting.

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Study Notes

Pathogenicity

  • Pathogenicity is the ability of an agent to cause disease
  • Key attributes include transmissibility, survival in a new host, infectivity, and virulence
  • Virulence is a variable and multifactorial concept, relating to the ability of a pathogen to harm the host in relation to the host’s resistance.
  • Pathogenesis includes initiation of infection and mechanisms leading to disease symptoms.

Types of Bacterial Pathogens

  • Primary pathogens establish infection in healthy individuals.
  • Opportunistic pathogens cause disease in individuals with weakened immune systems.
  • Examples of opportunistic pathogens include coagulase-negative staphylococci and Escherichia coli, which are part of normal human flora.

Terms in Bacterial Pathogens

  • Infection: The multiplication of an infectious agent within the body; multiplication of normal flora is generally not considered infection.
  • Invasion: The process where bacteria (and other pathogens) enter cells and tissues to spread.
  • Microbiota: The normal microbial flora in healthy individuals.
  • Nonpathogen: Microorganisms that do not cause disease, often part of the normal microbiota.
  • Pathogen: Microorganisms capable of causing disease.

Transmission of Infection

  • Sources include soil, water, food, insects, and animals.
  • Transmission mechanisms include:
    • Contact (direct and indirect)
    • Inhalation (droplets or dust)
    • Ingestion (contaminated food/water)
    • Inoculation (e.g., through wounds)
    • Vectors (e.g., insects)
  • Some bacteria primarily exist in animals and infect humans incidentally.

Other Types of Infection

  • Congenital: Pathogens cross the placental barrier, infecting the fetus in utero (e.g., syphilis).
  • Iatrogenic and Laboratory Infections: Pathogen transmission occurs during procedures such as injections, lumbar punctures, and dialysis or through contact with infectious material (e.g., laboratory personnel).
  • Nosocomial infections: Infections acquired from hospital personnel.
  • Clinical manifestations, like diarrhea, cough, promote transmission. (e.g. Vibrio Cholera)

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Related Documents

Pathogenicity and Transmission of Infection PDF

Description

Explore the concepts of pathogenicity, virulence, and the distinctions between primary and opportunistic bacterial pathogens. This quiz delves into terminology related to infection, invasion, and the factors influencing disease development. Test your knowledge on how different pathogens interact with their hosts.

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