Bacterial Pathogens and Their Pathogenicity
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Questions and Answers

What are the key attributes that make an organism pathogenic?

  • Transmissibility, Infectivity, and Virulence (correct)
  • Size, Shape, and Color
  • Habitat, Diet, and Reproduction
  • None of the above

Virulence refers to an organism's ability to cause disease.

True (A)

What is the primary difference between primary and opportunistic pathogens?

  • Primary pathogens are more common, opportunistic pathogens are less common.
  • Primary pathogens cause disease in healthy individuals, opportunistic pathogens cause disease in immunocompromised individuals. (correct)
  • Primary pathogens are only found in animals, opportunistic pathogens are only found in humans.
  • Primary pathogens are more virulent, opportunistic pathogens are less virulent.

What are some examples of opportunistic pathogens?

<p>Coagulase-negative staphylococci and <em>Escherichia coli</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

The presence of bacteria in the body always indicates an infection.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a mode of transmission for bacterial infections?

<p>Telepathy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a disease spread through direct contact.

<p>Syphilis or gonorrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are fomites?

<p>Inanimate objects that can carry pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a disease spread by droplet nuclei?

<p>Hepatitis A (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a zoonotic disease?

<p>A disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

Congenital infections can only occur during pregnancy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a nosocomial infection?

<p>A healthcare-associated infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Clinical symptoms of disease can help spread pathogens further.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Pathogenicity

The ability of a microorganism to cause disease.

Transmissibility

The ability of a pathogen to spread from one host to another.

Survival in the new host

The ability of a pathogen to survive and multiply in a new host.

Infectivity

The ability of a pathogen to overcome the host's defenses.

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Virulence

A measure of the severity of a disease caused by a pathogen.

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Pathogenesis

The process by which a pathogen establishes itself in a host and causes disease.

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Primary pathogen

A pathogen that can cause disease in a healthy individual with intact immune defenses.

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Opportunistic pathogen

A pathogen that can cause disease only in individuals with weakened immune defenses.

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Microbiota

The normal microbial flora inhabiting a healthy individual.

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Nonpathogen

A microorganism that does not cause disease.

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Infection

The multiplication of infectious agents within the body.

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Invasion

The process by which bacteria, parasites, fungi, or viruses enter host cells or tissues and spread in the body.

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Source of infection

The source from which a pathogen is acquired.

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Vector

A living organism that transmits a pathogen to another host.

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Animal reservoir

An animal that harbors a pathogen and can transmit it to humans.

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Zoonosis

A disease transmitted from animals to humans.

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Healthy carrier

A human who carries a pathogen but shows no symptoms.

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Transmission of infection

The spread of a pathogen from one host to another.

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Direct contact

Direct contact between an infected individual and a susceptible individual.

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Indirect contact

Contact with a contaminated object, such as clothing or utensils.

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Inhalation

The inhalation of small droplets or particles containing pathogens.

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Ingestion

Ingestion of contaminated food or water.

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Inoculation

The introduction of a pathogen directly into the body, such as through a wound or injection.

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Vector-borne transmission

Transmission of a pathogen through insect bites.

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Congenital infection

Infection acquired in the womb or during birth.

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Iatrogenic infection

Infection acquired as a result of medical procedures or treatment.

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Nosocomial infection

Infection acquired in a healthcare setting.

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Clinical manifestations

The clinical signs and symptoms of a disease which can contribute to the spread of the pathogen.

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Study Notes

Pathogenicity

  • Pathogenicity is the ability of an organism to cause disease.
  • It includes factors like transmissibility, infectivity, and virulence.
  • Virulence is the degree of harm a pathogen can cause.
  • Pathogenesis describes how a disease develops.
  • Primary pathogens cause disease in healthy individuals with intact immune systems.
  • Opportunistic pathogens cause disease only in individuals with compromised immune systems.

Types of Bacterial Pathogens

  • Primary pathogens readily establish infection.
  • Opportunistic pathogens rarely cause disease in healthy individuals.
  • Opportunistic infections occur when host defenses are impaired.
  • Many opportunistic pathogens are part of the normal flora, and they may not harm the host under normal conditions.

Terms in Bacterial Pathogens

  • Infection: Multiplication of an infectious agent in the body.
  • Invasion: The process by which bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi enter and spread through tissues.
  • Microbiota: The microorganisms normally found on or in the body.
  • Nonpathogen: A microorganism that does not cause disease.
  • Pathogen: A microorganism capable of causing disease.

Transmission of Infection

  • Infections can spread through various contacts including direct and indirect contact.
  • Inhalation of droplets or dust particles can carry pathogens.
  • Ingestion of contaminated food or water.
  • Inoculation through wounds or needles.
  • Insect vectors can also transmit diseases, as well as contaminated needles/syringes.
  • Congenital transmission occurs when pathogens cross the placenta.
  • Iatrogenic infections occur from medical procedures.
  • Laboratory infections can be caused by handling infectious materials.
  • Hospital infections (nosocomial) are spread between patients via contaminated surfaces.
  • Transmission is directly related to clinical symptoms exhibited.

Sources of Infection

  • Soil, water, food, and animals can be sources of infection.
  • Insects and animals can serve as vectors for pathogens.
  • Humans can be carriers and spread the pathogens via various routes.

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Pathogenicity and Transmission of Infection PDF

Description

This quiz explores the concept of pathogenicity, the ability of organisms to cause disease. It covers primary and opportunistic bacterial pathogens, along with terms related to infection and invasion. Test your understanding of how diseases develop and the role of microbiota.

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