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What are the key attributes that make an organism pathogenic?
What are the key attributes that make an organism pathogenic?
Virulence refers to an organism's ability to cause disease.
Virulence refers to an organism's ability to cause disease.
True
What is the primary difference between primary and opportunistic pathogens?
What is the primary difference between primary and opportunistic pathogens?
What are some examples of opportunistic pathogens?
What are some examples of opportunistic pathogens?
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The presence of bacteria in the body always indicates an infection.
The presence of bacteria in the body always indicates an infection.
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Which of the following is NOT considered a mode of transmission for bacterial infections?
Which of the following is NOT considered a mode of transmission for bacterial infections?
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Give an example of a disease spread through direct contact.
Give an example of a disease spread through direct contact.
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What are fomites?
What are fomites?
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a disease spread by droplet nuclei?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a disease spread by droplet nuclei?
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What is a zoonotic disease?
What is a zoonotic disease?
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Congenital infections can only occur during pregnancy.
Congenital infections can only occur during pregnancy.
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What is a nosocomial infection?
What is a nosocomial infection?
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Clinical symptoms of disease can help spread pathogens further.
Clinical symptoms of disease can help spread pathogens further.
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Study Notes
Pathogenicity
- Pathogenicity is the ability of an organism to cause disease.
- It includes factors like transmissibility, infectivity, and virulence.
- Virulence is the degree of harm a pathogen can cause.
- Pathogenesis describes how a disease develops.
- Primary pathogens cause disease in healthy individuals with intact immune systems.
- Opportunistic pathogens cause disease only in individuals with compromised immune systems.
Types of Bacterial Pathogens
- Primary pathogens readily establish infection.
- Opportunistic pathogens rarely cause disease in healthy individuals.
- Opportunistic infections occur when host defenses are impaired.
- Many opportunistic pathogens are part of the normal flora, and they may not harm the host under normal conditions.
Terms in Bacterial Pathogens
- Infection: Multiplication of an infectious agent in the body.
- Invasion: The process by which bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi enter and spread through tissues.
- Microbiota: The microorganisms normally found on or in the body.
- Nonpathogen: A microorganism that does not cause disease.
- Pathogen: A microorganism capable of causing disease.
Transmission of Infection
- Infections can spread through various contacts including direct and indirect contact.
- Inhalation of droplets or dust particles can carry pathogens.
- Ingestion of contaminated food or water.
- Inoculation through wounds or needles.
- Insect vectors can also transmit diseases, as well as contaminated needles/syringes.
- Congenital transmission occurs when pathogens cross the placenta.
- Iatrogenic infections occur from medical procedures.
- Laboratory infections can be caused by handling infectious materials.
- Hospital infections (nosocomial) are spread between patients via contaminated surfaces.
- Transmission is directly related to clinical symptoms exhibited.
Sources of Infection
- Soil, water, food, and animals can be sources of infection.
- Insects and animals can serve as vectors for pathogens.
- Humans can be carriers and spread the pathogens via various routes.
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Description
This quiz explores the concept of pathogenicity, the ability of organisms to cause disease. It covers primary and opportunistic bacterial pathogens, along with terms related to infection and invasion. Test your understanding of how diseases develop and the role of microbiota.
