Pathogenesis: Portal of Entry and Adherence

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What is the primary function of adhesins on the surface of pathogens?

To evade the host's immune system

To penetrate the host cell's cytoskeleton

To produce toxins that damage host cells

To adhere to complementary receptors on host cells (correct)

What is the role of capsules in overcoming host defenses?

To inhibit or prevent phagocytosis (correct)

To penetrate the host cell's cytoskeleton

To evade the host's immune system through antigenic variation

To produce toxins that damage host cells

Which enzyme is responsible for digesting the 'intercellular cement' to facilitate tissue penetration?

Kinase

Coagulase

Hyaluronidase (correct)

Collagenase

What is the term for the site through which pathogens enter the host's body?

Portal of entry Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of antigenic variation?

Trypanosoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of invasins produced by Salmonella and E. coli?

To cause the host cell's cytoskeleton to form a basket that carries the bacteria into the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mucous membranes in the context of host defense?

To act as a physical barrier to prevent pathogen entry Signup and view all the answers

How do helminths interfere with host function?

By producing metabolic waste that causes symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the epidermis in the context of host defense?

To act as a physical barrier to prevent pathogen entry Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability to ward off disease?

Immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the defense mechanisms that are present from birth and provide immediate protection against pathogens?

Innate immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the lacrimal apparatus in the context of host defense?

To wash away pathogens from the eye Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the inflammatory response?

To destroy the pathogen and limit the spread of infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the fusion of the phagosome with the lysosome in phagocytosis?

Destruction and digestion of the microorganism Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of transferrins in blood?

To inhibit the growth of microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the release of interleukin-1 (IL-1) by phagocytes?

An increase in vasodilation and vessel permeability Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of chemotaxis in phagocytosis?

To direct the movement of phagocytes towards microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of low pH in gastric juice?