Pathogenesis: Portal of Entry and Adherence
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of adhesins on the surface of pathogens?

  • To evade the host's immune system
  • To penetrate the host cell's cytoskeleton
  • To produce toxins that damage host cells
  • To adhere to complementary receptors on host cells (correct)
  • What is the role of capsules in overcoming host defenses?

  • To inhibit or prevent phagocytosis (correct)
  • To penetrate the host cell's cytoskeleton
  • To evade the host's immune system through antigenic variation
  • To produce toxins that damage host cells
  • Which enzyme is responsible for digesting the 'intercellular cement' to facilitate tissue penetration?

  • Kinase
  • Coagulase
  • Hyaluronidase (correct)
  • Collagenase
  • What is the term for the site through which pathogens enter the host's body?

    <p>Portal of entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of antigenic variation?

    <p>Trypanosoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of invasins produced by Salmonella and E. coli?

    <p>To cause the host cell's cytoskeleton to form a basket that carries the bacteria into the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mucous membranes in the context of host defense?

    <p>To act as a physical barrier to prevent pathogen entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do helminths interfere with host function?

    <p>By producing metabolic waste that causes symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the epidermis in the context of host defense?

    <p>To act as a physical barrier to prevent pathogen entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability to ward off disease?

    <p>Immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the defense mechanisms that are present from birth and provide immediate protection against pathogens?

    <p>Innate immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the lacrimal apparatus in the context of host defense?

    <p>To wash away pathogens from the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the inflammatory response?

    <p>To destroy the pathogen and limit the spread of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the fusion of the phagosome with the lysosome in phagocytosis?

    <p>Destruction and digestion of the microorganism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of transferrins in blood?

    <p>To inhibit the growth of microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the release of interleukin-1 (IL-1) by phagocytes?

    <p>An increase in vasodilation and vessel permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of chemotaxis in phagocytosis?

    <p>To direct the movement of phagocytes towards microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of low pH in gastric juice?

    <p>To inhibit the growth of microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

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