Pathogen Virulence Factors Quiz 15.3 part 1

<p>Bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoan pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To cause a general systemic inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exotoxins are specific in their action while endotoxins stimulate a general systemic inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phospholipases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To trigger an excessive, nonspecific stimulation of immune cells to secrete cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To evade phagocytosis by cells of the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow bacterial pathogens to evade the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.000001 mg/kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endotoxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To attach to receptors on the host cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To invade host cells and deeper tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoan pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To cause a general systemic inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exotoxins are specific in their action while endotoxins stimulate a general systemic inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phospholipases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To trigger an excessive, nonspecific stimulation of immune cells to secrete cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To evade phagocytosis by cells of the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow bacterial pathogens to evade the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.000001 mg/kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adhesins attach to receptors on the host cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyaluronidase S</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endotoxins stimulate a general systemic inflammatory response when released.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phospholipases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcal enterotoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mycolic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diphtheria toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diphtheria toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Candida albicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus pyogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It degrades the glycoside hyaluronan, allowing the pathogen to pass through tissue layers and disseminate in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A-B exotoxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can cause damage to host cells and tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They stimulate a general systemic inflammatory response when released.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They attach to receptors on the host cell surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They trigger an excessive, nonspecific stimulation of immune cells to secrete cytokines, causing life-threatening fever, inflammation, and shock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoan pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phospholipases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capsules</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mycolic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coagulase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is 0.000001 mg/kg, making it 240,000 times more lethal than endotoxin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To degrade the intercellular cement between adjacent cells in connective tissue and allow the pathogen to pass through the tissue layers at the portal of entry and disseminate elsewhere in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoan pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extracellular targeting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides found on the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and stimulate a general systemic inflammatory response when released.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phospholipases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superantigens trigger an excessive, nonspecific stimulation of immune cells to secrete cytokines, causing life-threatening fever, inflammation, and shock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria use capsules to evade phagocytosis by cells of the immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some bacterial pathogens produce other virulence factors that allow them to evade the immune system, such as M protein in the fimbriae of certain species of Streptococcus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mycobacterium tuberculosis produces a waxy substance known as mycolic acid in its cell envelope, enabling the bacterium to resist some of the killing mechanisms within the phagolysosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus aureus produces the exoenzyme coagulase, which exploits the natural mechanism of blood clotting to evade the immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.000001 mg/kg (240,000 times more lethal than endotoxin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exotoxins are much more specific in their action and the cells they interact with, while endotoxins stimulate a general systemic inflammatory response when released.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins or glycoproteins found on the surface of a pathogen that attaches to receptors on the host cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extracellular enzymes that enable pathogens to invade host cells and deeper tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Degrades the glycoside hyaluronan, allowing the pathogen to pass through the tissue layers at the portal of entry and disseminate elsewhere in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipopolysaccharides found on the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein molecules that are produced by a wide variety of living pathogenic bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intracellular targeting, membrane disrupting, and superantigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.000001 mg/kg (240,000 times more lethal than endotoxin).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria use capsules to evade phagocytosis by cells of the immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some bacterial pathogens produce other virulence factors that allow them to evade the immune system, such as M protein in the fimbriae of certain species of Streptococcus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enables the bacterium to resist some of the killing mechanisms within the phagolysosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exploits the natural mechanism of blood clotting to evade the immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins or glycoproteins that attach to receptors on the host cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extracellular enzymes that enable pathogens to invade host cells and deeper tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoan pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipopolysaccharides found on the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biological poisons that assist in a pathogen's ability to invade and cause damage to tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exotoxins that consist of two components: A for activity and B for binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phospholipases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To trigger an excessive, nonspecific stimulation of immune cells to secrete cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To evade phagocytosis by cells of the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To evade phagocytosis by cells of the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>240,000 times more lethal than endotoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A waxy substance that enables the bacterium to resist some of the killing mechanisms within the phagolysosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To exploit the natural mechanism of blood clotting to evade the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It degrades the glycoside hyaluronan allowing the pathogen to pass through connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exotoxins are much more specific in their action and the cells they interact with, while endotoxins stimulate a general systemic inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To bind to host cells and cause damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phospholipases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To trigger an excessive, nonspecific stimulation of immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To initiate phagocytosis and other mechanisms of antibacterial killing and clearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus pyogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To resist some of the killing mechanisms within the phagolysosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coagulase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.00001 mg/kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enable pathogens to invade host cells and deeper tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It degrades the glycoside hyaluronan in connective tissue, allowing the pathogen to pass through tissue layers and disseminate elsewhere in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diphtheria toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They initiate phagocytosis and other mechanisms of antibacterial killing and clearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capsules</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They degrade the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes in host cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intracellular targeting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoan pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows the pathogen to evade the immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endotoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coagulase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.000001 mg/kg (240,000 times more lethal than endotoxin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exotoxins are protein molecules produced by a wide variety of living pathogenic bacteria, while endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides found on the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins or glycoproteins on the surface of a pathogen that attach to receptors on the host cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extracellular enzymes that enable pathogens to invade host cells and deeper tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biological poisons that assist in a pathogen's ability to invade and cause damage to tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipopolysaccharides found on the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein molecules that are produced by a wide variety of living pathogenic bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocellular targeting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trigger an excessive, nonspecific stimulation of immune cells to secrete cytokines, causing life-threatening fever, inflammation, and shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mycolic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exploits the natural mechanism of blood clotting to evade the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.000001 mg/kg (240,000 times more lethal than endotoxin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allows them to evade the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers