Fungal Pathogens and Virulence Factors Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following fungal pathogens can cause infections through environmental contamination?

  • Penicillium chrysogenum
  • Candida albicans
  • Cryptococcus neoformans (correct)
  • Aspergillus famigatus

What is a common attribute of Aspergillus famigatus virulence?

  • Adherence to host tissue
  • Biofilm formation
  • Growth and development
  • Thermotolerance (correct)

Which fungal pathogen is known as the 'sugar-coated killer'?

  • Aspergillus famigatus
  • Candida albicans
  • Cryptococcus neoformans (correct)
  • Penicillium chrysogenum

What is a key area of focus in the study of fungal pathogenesis?

<p>Adaptation to host environment (B)</p>
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Which fungal pathogen is associated with biofilm formation?

<p>Candida albicans (A)</p>
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What is one of the roles of fungi in ecosystems?

<p>Drive global carbon cycle (B)</p>
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What are some factors that influence the extent of localized infection or dissemination?

<p>The immune status of the host (A)</p>
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How are infections caused by endemic, dimorphic pathogens different from other fungal infections?

<p>They are acquired in specific geographic regions (B)</p>
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What defines an infection as nosocomial (hospital-acquired)?

<p>Infection detected within the first 48 hours of hospitalization (B)</p>
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How are infections spread by some community-associated mycoses?

<p>By sharing towels and items (C)</p>
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Which factor distinguishes endemic fungi from other opportunistic fungal pathogens?

<p>Their limited geographic range (B)</p>
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What is the defining feature of endemic fungi?

<p>Limited geographic range (C)</p>
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What is the most common species causing human infections among Candida species?

<p>Candida albicans (A)</p>
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What is the fourth most common cause of nosocomial infections in the United States?

<p>Candida albicans (A)</p>
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How are Candida albicans usually transmitted from mother to infant?

<p>Through childbirth (B)</p>
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What percentage of the population can typically have Candida albicans as harmless commensals?

<p>70% (A)</p>
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Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an adaptation necessary for Candida growth and persistence in humans?

<p>Inability to adapt to changing microenvironments (A)</p>
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Why is adherence to host tissue essential for commensals like Candida?

<p>To colonize hosts and cause disease (A)</p>
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What are some of the environmental stressors that may have shaped A.fumigatus' adaptability to immunocompromised mammals?

<p>Heat, nutrient competition, predation, and UV radiation (C)</p>
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Where is A.fumigatus' natural habitat as mentioned in the text?

<p>In compost piles in the soil (D)</p>
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What is the perspective highlighted regarding A.fumigatus' virulence attributes?

<p>They evolved in response to environmental pressures in the soil (B)</p>
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What makes Cryptococcus neoformans a model organism for studying human fungal pathogenesis?

<p>Its status as a basidiomycete yeast found in soil, trees, and bird poop (D)</p>
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What is a common feature of Cryptococcus neoformans as mentioned in the text?

<p>It has a protective capsule (A)</p>
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What is NOT mentioned as a source of potential selective pressures on A.fumigatus according to the text?

<p>Predation by larger mammals (D)</p>
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What are the key steps involved in fungal infection process?

<p>Entry into the host, evasion of the host's immune system, colonization of tissues, and causing damage or disease symptoms (D)</p>
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What attributes are required for fungi to successfully invade mammalian hosts?

<p>Ability to resist oxidative stress, grow at mammalian body temperatures, and scavenge nutrients from the host (B)</p>
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What is the determining factor that allows fungi to cause disease in hosts?

<p>Host's immune system status (A)</p>
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Which factor plays a crucial role in determining whether human fungal infections occur?

<p>Host's immune system status (C)</p>
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Why is resistance to oxidative stress important for fungi invading mammalian hosts?

<p>To survive in the host's body environment (B)</p>
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