Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) and Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)
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Questions and Answers

Which protein triggers signaling pathways that activate IRFs and NF-κB?

  • CARD
  • TRIF
  • MAVS (correct)
  • MyD88

What is the function of C-Type Lectin Receptors (CLRs)?

  • Recognition of viral double-stranded RNAs
  • Activation of tyrosine kinases triggering signaling cascades
  • Recognition of peptidoglycan from bacterial cell wall
  • Binding carbohydrates on pathogens and some allergens (correct)

What is the specific function of NOD-like Receptors (NLRs)?

  • Triggering signaling pathways that activate IRFs and NF-κB
  • Activating caspase-1 protease
  • Recognizing peptidoglycan from bacterial cell wall (correct)
  • Recognizing viral double-stranded RNAs

Which family of receptor recognizes viral double-stranded RNAs and certain structured single-stranded RNA?

<p>RIG-I-like Receptors (RLRs) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of CARD adaptor protein in PRR signaling pathways?

<p>Activating IRF5 (transcription factor) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process results in the activation of transcription factors which leads to gene expression?

<p>Ubiquitination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of RIG-I-like Receptors (RLRs)?

<p>Recognition of viral double-stranded RNAs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of receptors are RLR & NLR?

<p>(PRRs) Intracellular only receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does TLR bind to?

<p>Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of MAPK pathways in PRR signaling?

<p>Triggering signaling cascades that activate AP-1 and NF-kB (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of NOD-like Receptors (NLRs)?

<p>Trigger caspase-1 protease activation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecular patterns support the lifestyle of pathogens?

<p>Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) in host cells?

<p>Recognize Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are MOST important to get activated among myeloid white blood cells and lymphoid cells?

<p>T cells and B cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells have Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) for recognizing Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)?

<p>All types of myeloid white blood cells and a subset of lymphoid cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are Toll-like receptors (TLRs) located?

<p>At different sites depending on the PAMP they recognize (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do different Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recruit when binding to Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)?

<p>Different adaptor proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which signaling pathway is activated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) when binding to Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)?

<p>NF-κB transcription factor activation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key event that leads to the activation of Transcription Factors when Toll-like receptors (TLRs) bind to Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)?

<p>Phosphorylation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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