20 Questions
What percentage of hypertensive cases are classified as essential hypertension?
90%
What is the product used to define arterial blood pressure according to the text?
Cardiac output
What blood pressure range defines hypertensive emergency/crisis (malignant) hypertension?
Systolic pressure 180 mm Hg or greater and diastolic pressure 120 mm Hg or greater
What percentage of persons die as a direct result of hypertension, as per the text?
12%
Which category accounts for most cases of secondary hypertension?
Renal
What condition can be cured by angioplasty or surgery in many instances?
Renal artery stenosis
In the experimental model of hypertension in rats, how is systemic blood pressure altered?
By placing a clip on one renal artery only
What role does Angiotensin II play in increasing blood pressure?
Inducing vasoconstriction
Which kidney function is impaired due to increased blood pressure transmitted to the unclipped kidney?
Sodium retention
Which enzyme converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I?
Converting enzyme
What is the percentage of persons who are considered to have essential hypertension according to the text?
90%
Which classification of systemic hypertension has no known cause?
Essential hypertension
What defines hypertensive emergency/crisis (malignant) hypertension based on systolic and diastolic pressure values?
Systolic pressure > 180 mm Hg and diastolic pressure > 120 mm Hg
In the classification of systemic hypertension, which category accounts for the smallest percentage of cases?
Secondary arterial hypertension
What is the mechanism by which renin increases blood pressure in renal artery stenosis, according to the text?
By promoting sodium and water retention through increased aldosterone excretion
In the experimental model of renal artery stenosis in rats, what is the primary role of the silver clip placed on one kidney's renal artery?
To mimic renal artery stenosis in human beings
Which condition is NOT listed as a cause of secondary hypertension in the provided text?
Myocardial infarction
What is the main effect of Angiotensin II on blood pressure in the context of renal artery stenosis?
Increasing peripheral resistance through vasoconstriction
What is the role of renin in the development of hypertension in cases of renal artery stenosis?
Cleaving angiotensinogen to produce Angiotensin II
What happens to systemic blood pressure when the clipped kidney is removed or its artery is unclipped in the experimental model?
It remains unchanged
Learn about hypertension and its complications as defined and described in Robbins Basic Pathology, Kumar, et. al. 11th Ed. Explore the prevalence of arterial hypertension and its impact on end-organ damage.
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