PATH FIT 3: Dance and Martial Arts

Arnis, also known as Kali, Escrima, and Baston, originated among the indigenous peoples of the Philippines.
It utilizes impact and edge weapons such as kampilan, rattan, swords, daggers, and spears for combat and self-defense.
The art form dates back to inter-tribal warfare, influenced by early migrations from regions like Indonesia, India, Persia, and Egypt.
Prehistoric groups migrated to the Philippines, establishing the foundations of various martial arts in the archipelago.

Arnis is deemed to have evolved from the Indonesian martial art Tjakalele, part of the Pencak Silat system.
The term Kali is considered older than Arnis, emphasizing techniques focused on bladed weaponry.
KALI was traditionally taught in educational institutions known as Bothoan, serving as centers for military tactics, Alibata (native alphabet), and herbal medicine.

The arrival of the Spaniards in the 16th century marked a decline in the practice of KALI, referred to as a dark age for the martial art.
In 1764, the Spaniards banned KALI, fearing it could lead to revolts; however, Filipinos continued to practice it secretly.
The term "Escrima" and other derivatives gained popularity during Spanish colonial rule, reflecting the cultural assimilation of martial arts terms.

In 1873, the term "Arnis" was officially adopted, derived from a Tagalog variation of the Spanish "arnes" (harness), linking to early defensive gear.
Regional names for the martial art vary, including Arnis in Tagalog areas, Kabaro-an in Ilocos, Eskrima in Visayas, and Pagkalikali in Ibanag.

Arnis is categorized into three main forms of play:
- Espada y Daga (Sword and Dagger): Utilizes both a long wooden sword and a short wooden dagger.
- Solo Baston (Single Stick): Involves a single stick made from hardened wood or rattan.
- Sinawali: A form that emphasizes weaving techniques in practice.

Participation in Arnis improves reaction time, speed, power, endurance, and balance, promoting overall physical fitness.
Understanding different types of sports, equipment, basic arnis skills, and the importance of fair play are key learning outcomes for students.
Immediate and long-term benefits of physical activity, paired with applying knowledge and skills in practice, are crucial for mastery in Arnis.