Passive Transport and Facilitated Diffusion Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which elements are primary components of cells?

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen (correct)

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and phosphorus

Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and potassium

Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and calcium

What happens to cells after division?

They undergo apoptosis

They multiply in number

They become inactive

They differentiate into different cell types (correct)

How are sex cells (germ cells) different from somatic cells?

Sex cells reproduce by meiosis, while somatic cells reproduce by mitosis (correct)

Sex cells contain more organelles than somatic cells

Sex cells reproduce by mitosis, while somatic cells reproduce by meiosis

Sex cells are larger in size than somatic cells

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

It acts as a selective barrier and is important in cell communication Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main parts of a cell?

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Energy production Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport requires energy in the form of ATP?

Active transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which molecules move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration?

Passive transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the net movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration called?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of fatty acids and steroids?

Endoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Packaging and modification of proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the engulfment of large solid molecules like bacteria?

Phagocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of lysosomes?

Cellular digestion Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for the control center of a cell and the storage and processing of genetic information?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

Support the cell shape Signup and view all the answers

What are the three structures that make up the cytoskeleton?

Microtubules, Microfilaments, and Intermediate filaments Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the breakdown of glucose molecules and produces two pyruvic acid molecules and a net gain of 2 ATP molecules?

Glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Serves as a template for protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport does not require energy?

Facilitated Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport requires ATP to move molecules against the concentration gradient?

Primary Active Transport Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport involves the movement of substances without regard to their concentration gradient?

Secondary Active Transport Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport involves the movement of materials into a cell in a vesicle formed from the plasma membrane?

Endocytosis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport requires the energy to pump out sodium in the Na+-K+ pump?

Primary Active Transport Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells reproduce by meiosis?

Sex cells Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for the control center of a cell and the storage and processing of genetic information?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Cell communication Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Stiffen the membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport requires energy in the form of ATP?

Active transport Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of peptides in the ribosomes?

Ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

Carry anticodon Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary protein component of chromatin?

Histones Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the centrosome?

To form the mitotic spindle during cell division Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of microvilli?

To increase the surface area for absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of peroxisomes?

To break down a wide variety of molecules Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport involves the movement of substances without regard to their concentration gradient?

Secondary active transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Na+-K+ pump?

To move ions against the concentration gradient Signup and view all the answers

Which type of endocytosis involves the movement of large solid molecules like bacteria?

Phagocytosis Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of specific proteins?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Where does transcription occur?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What are the three steps of transcription?

Initiation, Elongation, Termination Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of RNA polymerase in transcription?

Binding to DNA promoter Signup and view all the answers

Where does translation occur?

Cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What are the three steps of translation?

Initiation, Elongation, Termination Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of gene mutation?

Duplication Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct order of the major phases of the cell cycle?

Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell division produces genetically identical cells with the same number and kind of chromosomes as the original cell?

Mitotic Cell Division Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) during translation?

It brings new amino acids to the ribosome Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a possible effect of a gene mutation?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary protein component of chromatin?

Histones Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the process of meiosis?

It involves two cell divisions and produces four genetically unique cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of mitosis?

Growth, repair, and replacement of cells Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?

S phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?

Covering body surfaces and lining organs Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelial tissue secretes mucus to trap foreign particles?

Ciliated epithelial tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glandular epithelium?

Secreting substances for use in other body parts Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed in the body?

Connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which type of membrane is the largest in the body?

Cutaneous membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which type of membrane lines all body cavities that open to the outside of the body?

Mucous membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which type of membrane covers organs and lines the walls of body cavities?

Serous membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connective tissue fills up space between organs and acts as a cushion and stabilizer?

Loose connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connective tissue contains elastic fibers and can tolerate cycles of extension and recoil?

Dense connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connective tissue transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones, and regulates body temperature?

Fluid connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of gene mutation?

Duplication Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary protein component of chromatin?

Histones Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport requires ATP to move molecules against the concentration gradient?

Active transport Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle involves the duplication of centrioles and DNA replication?

S Phase Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue covers the body surface, lines hollow organs, and forms glands and membranes?

Epithelial tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelial tissue is found in the lining of the nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi, and secretes mucus to trap foreign particles?

Ciliated epithelial tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of transcription?

Translation Signup and view all the answers

Where does translation occur?

Cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in translation?

Recognition of codons Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connective tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed in the body?

Loose connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connective tissue contains elastic fibers and can tolerate cycles of extension and recoil?

Dense connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connective tissue transports oxygen from the lungs to body cells, brings waste carbon dioxide from cells to the lungs, and regulates body temperature?

Fluid connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connective tissue is strong, flexible, avascular, covers the ends of long bones, and connects bones together?

Supporting connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for movement within the body and of the body itself?

Skeletal muscle tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue transmits information from one part of the body to another by means of nerve impulses?

Nervous tissue Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Primary Components of Cells

Essential elements include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.

Cell Division

Post-division, cells undergo growth, specialization, or differentiation, depending on their new roles.

Germ Cells vs. Somatic Cells

Germ cells are reproductive (sperm and egg), while somatic cells make up the body’s tissues and organs.

Plasma Membrane Functions

Acts as a selective barrier, regulating the entry and exit of substances, maintaining homeostasis, and facilitating communication via receptors.

Cell Structure

Three main parts: plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.

Plasma Membrane Functions

Its not directly involved in cellular respiration or protein synthesis.

Energy-Requiring Transport

Active transport requires energy (ATP) to move substances against their concentration gradient.

Diffusion

Molecules move from areas of high concentration to low concentration through passive diffusion.

Osmosis

The net movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from higher to lower water concentration.

Organelle Functions

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum synthesizes fatty acids and steroids.
Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion.
Phagocytosis involves engulfing large solid particles like bacteria.
Lysosomes contain enzymes for digesting cellular waste and matter.
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, producing ATP.
Nucleus acts as the control center for storage and processing genetic information.
Cytoskeleton maintains cell shape and facilitates movement.

Cytoskeleton Structure

Composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.

Glycolysis

Breakdown of glucose resulting in two pyruvic acid molecules and a net gain of 2 ATP.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) Function

Serves as a template for protein synthesis during translation.

Types of Transport

Passive transport occurs without energy, such as diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
Active transport needs ATP, such as the Na+-K+ pump, which maintains cell potential.

Endocytosis Methods

Pinocytosis involves liquid uptake, while phagocytosis involves solid particle engulfment.

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis occurs in ribosomes, responsible for translating mRNA into proteins.

Chromatin

Primary protein component is histone proteins, aiding in DNA organization.

Centrosome Function

Functions as a microtubule-organizing center, essential for cell division.

Microvilli Function

Increase surface area for absorption in epithelial cells.

Peroxisome Function

Breaks down fatty acids and detoxifies harmful substances.

Na+-K+ Pump Function

Maintains ion gradients essential for cellular functions.

Transcription and Translation

Transcription occurs in the nucleus, involving initiation, elongation, and termination by RNA polymerase.
Translation occurs in the cytoplasm, also with initiation, elongation, and termination stages.

Cell Cycle Phases

Main phases include interphase (where DNA replication occurs) and mitosis (producing identical daughter cells).

Epithelial Tissue Types

Epithelium covers body surfaces and forms membrane linings.
Glandular epithelium secretes substances like mucus.

Connective Tissue Types

Most abundant tissue is loose connective tissue, which cushions organs.
Types also include elastic connective tissue (allows recoil) and blood (transports oxygen and nutrients).

Muscle and Nervous Tissue

Muscle tissue facilitates movement within the body.
Nervous tissue transmits information through nerve impulses.

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Description

Test your knowledge on passive transport and facilitated diffusion in this quiz! Learn about the substances that cannot diffuse through the lipid bilayer or ion channels and how transport is assisted by carrier proteins. Explore the specific transporters for different substances and understand the process of substance binding and release. Find out why these mechanisms do not require energy.