78 Questions
Which elements are primary components of cells?
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen
What happens to cells after division?
They differentiate into different cell types
How are sex cells (germ cells) different from somatic cells?
Sex cells reproduce by meiosis, while somatic cells reproduce by mitosis
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
It acts as a selective barrier and is important in cell communication
What are the three main parts of a cell?
Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?
Energy production
Which type of transport requires energy in the form of ATP?
Active transport
What is the process by which molecules move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration?
Passive transport
What is the net movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration called?
Osmosis
Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of fatty acids and steroids?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Packaging and modification of proteins
Which process involves the engulfment of large solid molecules like bacteria?
Phagocytosis
What is the main function of lysosomes?
Cellular digestion
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria
Which organelle is responsible for the control center of a cell and the storage and processing of genetic information?
Nucleus
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
Support the cell shape
What are the three structures that make up the cytoskeleton?
Microtubules, Microfilaments, and Intermediate filaments
Which process involves the breakdown of glucose molecules and produces two pyruvic acid molecules and a net gain of 2 ATP molecules?
Glycolysis
What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?
Serves as a template for protein synthesis
Which type of transport does not require energy?
Facilitated Diffusion
Which type of transport requires ATP to move molecules against the concentration gradient?
Primary Active Transport
Which type of transport involves the movement of substances without regard to their concentration gradient?
Secondary Active Transport
Which type of transport involves the movement of materials into a cell in a vesicle formed from the plasma membrane?
Endocytosis
Which type of transport requires the energy to pump out sodium in the Na+-K+ pump?
Primary Active Transport
Which type of cells reproduce by meiosis?
Sex cells
Which organelle is responsible for the control center of a cell and the storage and processing of genetic information?
Nucleus
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
Cell communication
What is the primary function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?
Stiffen the membrane
Which type of transport requires energy in the form of ATP?
Active transport
Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of peptides in the ribosomes?
Ribosomes
What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?
Carry anticodon
What is the primary protein component of chromatin?
Histones
What is the function of the centrosome?
To form the mitotic spindle during cell division
What is the main function of microvilli?
To increase the surface area for absorption
What is the function of peroxisomes?
To break down a wide variety of molecules
Which type of transport involves the movement of substances without regard to their concentration gradient?
Secondary active transport
What is the function of the Na+-K+ pump?
To move ions against the concentration gradient
Which type of endocytosis involves the movement of large solid molecules like bacteria?
Phagocytosis
Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of specific proteins?
Nucleus
Where does transcription occur?
Nucleus
What are the three steps of transcription?
Initiation, Elongation, Termination
What is the function of RNA polymerase in transcription?
Binding to DNA promoter
Where does translation occur?
Cytoplasm
What are the three steps of translation?
Initiation, Elongation, Termination
Which of the following is NOT a type of gene mutation?
Duplication
Which of the following is the correct order of the major phases of the cell cycle?
Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
Which type of cell division produces genetically identical cells with the same number and kind of chromosomes as the original cell?
Mitotic Cell Division
What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) during translation?
It brings new amino acids to the ribosome
Which of the following is a possible effect of a gene mutation?
All of the above
What is the primary protein component of chromatin?
Histones
Which of the following accurately describes the process of meiosis?
It involves two cell divisions and produces four genetically unique cells.
What is the function of mitosis?
Growth, repair, and replacement of cells
Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
S phase
What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?
Covering body surfaces and lining organs
Which type of epithelial tissue secretes mucus to trap foreign particles?
Ciliated epithelial tissue
What is the function of glandular epithelium?
Secreting substances for use in other body parts
Which type of tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed in the body?
Connective tissue
Which type of membrane is the largest in the body?
Cutaneous membrane
Which type of membrane lines all body cavities that open to the outside of the body?
Mucous membrane
Which type of membrane covers organs and lines the walls of body cavities?
Serous membrane
Which type of connective tissue fills up space between organs and acts as a cushion and stabilizer?
Loose connective tissue
Which type of connective tissue contains elastic fibers and can tolerate cycles of extension and recoil?
Dense connective tissue
Which type of connective tissue transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones, and regulates body temperature?
Fluid connective tissue
Which of the following is NOT a type of gene mutation?
Duplication
What is the primary protein component of chromatin?
Histones
Which type of transport requires ATP to move molecules against the concentration gradient?
Active transport
Which phase of the cell cycle involves the duplication of centrioles and DNA replication?
S Phase
Which type of tissue covers the body surface, lines hollow organs, and forms glands and membranes?
Epithelial tissue
Which type of epithelial tissue is found in the lining of the nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi, and secretes mucus to trap foreign particles?
Ciliated epithelial tissue
Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of transcription?
Translation
Where does translation occur?
Cytoplasm
What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in translation?
Recognition of codons
Which type of connective tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed in the body?
Loose connective tissue
Which type of connective tissue contains elastic fibers and can tolerate cycles of extension and recoil?
Dense connective tissue
Which type of connective tissue transports oxygen from the lungs to body cells, brings waste carbon dioxide from cells to the lungs, and regulates body temperature?
Fluid connective tissue
Which type of connective tissue is strong, flexible, avascular, covers the ends of long bones, and connects bones together?
Supporting connective tissue
Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for movement within the body and of the body itself?
Skeletal muscle tissue
Which type of tissue transmits information from one part of the body to another by means of nerve impulses?
Nervous tissue
Test your knowledge on passive transport and facilitated diffusion in this quiz! Learn about the substances that cannot diffuse through the lipid bilayer or ion channels and how transport is assisted by carrier proteins. Explore the specific transporters for different substances and understand the process of substance binding and release. Find out why these mechanisms do not require energy.
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