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Questions and Answers
Which elements are primary components of cells?
Which elements are primary components of cells?
- Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen (correct)
- Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and phosphorus
- Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and potassium
- Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and calcium
What happens to cells after division?
What happens to cells after division?
- They undergo apoptosis
- They multiply in number
- They become inactive
- They differentiate into different cell types (correct)
How are sex cells (germ cells) different from somatic cells?
How are sex cells (germ cells) different from somatic cells?
- Sex cells reproduce by meiosis, while somatic cells reproduce by mitosis (correct)
- Sex cells contain more organelles than somatic cells
- Sex cells reproduce by mitosis, while somatic cells reproduce by meiosis
- Sex cells are larger in size than somatic cells
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
What are the three main parts of a cell?
What are the three main parts of a cell?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?
Which type of transport requires energy in the form of ATP?
Which type of transport requires energy in the form of ATP?
What is the process by which molecules move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration?
What is the process by which molecules move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration?
What is the net movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration called?
What is the net movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration called?
Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of fatty acids and steroids?
Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of fatty acids and steroids?
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Which process involves the engulfment of large solid molecules like bacteria?
Which process involves the engulfment of large solid molecules like bacteria?
What is the main function of lysosomes?
What is the main function of lysosomes?
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
Which organelle is responsible for the control center of a cell and the storage and processing of genetic information?
Which organelle is responsible for the control center of a cell and the storage and processing of genetic information?
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
What are the three structures that make up the cytoskeleton?
What are the three structures that make up the cytoskeleton?
Which process involves the breakdown of glucose molecules and produces two pyruvic acid molecules and a net gain of 2 ATP molecules?
Which process involves the breakdown of glucose molecules and produces two pyruvic acid molecules and a net gain of 2 ATP molecules?
What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?
What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?
Which type of transport does not require energy?
Which type of transport does not require energy?
Which type of transport requires ATP to move molecules against the concentration gradient?
Which type of transport requires ATP to move molecules against the concentration gradient?
Which type of transport involves the movement of substances without regard to their concentration gradient?
Which type of transport involves the movement of substances without regard to their concentration gradient?
Which type of transport involves the movement of materials into a cell in a vesicle formed from the plasma membrane?
Which type of transport involves the movement of materials into a cell in a vesicle formed from the plasma membrane?
Which type of transport requires the energy to pump out sodium in the Na+-K+ pump?
Which type of transport requires the energy to pump out sodium in the Na+-K+ pump?
Which type of cells reproduce by meiosis?
Which type of cells reproduce by meiosis?
Which organelle is responsible for the control center of a cell and the storage and processing of genetic information?
Which organelle is responsible for the control center of a cell and the storage and processing of genetic information?
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
What is the primary function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?
What is the primary function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?
Which type of transport requires energy in the form of ATP?
Which type of transport requires energy in the form of ATP?
Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of peptides in the ribosomes?
Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of peptides in the ribosomes?
What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?
What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?
What is the primary protein component of chromatin?
What is the primary protein component of chromatin?
What is the function of the centrosome?
What is the function of the centrosome?
What is the main function of microvilli?
What is the main function of microvilli?
What is the function of peroxisomes?
What is the function of peroxisomes?
Which type of transport involves the movement of substances without regard to their concentration gradient?
Which type of transport involves the movement of substances without regard to their concentration gradient?
What is the function of the Na+-K+ pump?
What is the function of the Na+-K+ pump?
Which type of endocytosis involves the movement of large solid molecules like bacteria?
Which type of endocytosis involves the movement of large solid molecules like bacteria?
Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of specific proteins?
Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of specific proteins?
Where does transcription occur?
Where does transcription occur?
What are the three steps of transcription?
What are the three steps of transcription?
What is the function of RNA polymerase in transcription?
What is the function of RNA polymerase in transcription?
Where does translation occur?
Where does translation occur?
What are the three steps of translation?
What are the three steps of translation?
Which of the following is NOT a type of gene mutation?
Which of the following is NOT a type of gene mutation?
Which of the following is the correct order of the major phases of the cell cycle?
Which of the following is the correct order of the major phases of the cell cycle?
Which type of cell division produces genetically identical cells with the same number and kind of chromosomes as the original cell?
Which type of cell division produces genetically identical cells with the same number and kind of chromosomes as the original cell?
What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) during translation?
What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) during translation?
Which of the following is a possible effect of a gene mutation?
Which of the following is a possible effect of a gene mutation?
What is the primary protein component of chromatin?
What is the primary protein component of chromatin?
Which of the following accurately describes the process of meiosis?
Which of the following accurately describes the process of meiosis?
What is the function of mitosis?
What is the function of mitosis?
Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?
What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?
Which type of epithelial tissue secretes mucus to trap foreign particles?
Which type of epithelial tissue secretes mucus to trap foreign particles?
What is the function of glandular epithelium?
What is the function of glandular epithelium?
Which type of tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed in the body?
Which type of tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed in the body?
Which type of membrane is the largest in the body?
Which type of membrane is the largest in the body?
Which type of membrane lines all body cavities that open to the outside of the body?
Which type of membrane lines all body cavities that open to the outside of the body?
Which type of membrane covers organs and lines the walls of body cavities?
Which type of membrane covers organs and lines the walls of body cavities?
Which type of connective tissue fills up space between organs and acts as a cushion and stabilizer?
Which type of connective tissue fills up space between organs and acts as a cushion and stabilizer?
Which type of connective tissue contains elastic fibers and can tolerate cycles of extension and recoil?
Which type of connective tissue contains elastic fibers and can tolerate cycles of extension and recoil?
Which type of connective tissue transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones, and regulates body temperature?
Which type of connective tissue transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones, and regulates body temperature?
Which of the following is NOT a type of gene mutation?
Which of the following is NOT a type of gene mutation?
What is the primary protein component of chromatin?
What is the primary protein component of chromatin?
Which type of transport requires ATP to move molecules against the concentration gradient?
Which type of transport requires ATP to move molecules against the concentration gradient?
Which phase of the cell cycle involves the duplication of centrioles and DNA replication?
Which phase of the cell cycle involves the duplication of centrioles and DNA replication?
Which type of tissue covers the body surface, lines hollow organs, and forms glands and membranes?
Which type of tissue covers the body surface, lines hollow organs, and forms glands and membranes?
Which type of epithelial tissue is found in the lining of the nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi, and secretes mucus to trap foreign particles?
Which type of epithelial tissue is found in the lining of the nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi, and secretes mucus to trap foreign particles?
Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of transcription?
Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of transcription?
Where does translation occur?
Where does translation occur?
What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in translation?
What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in translation?
Which type of connective tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed in the body?
Which type of connective tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed in the body?
Which type of connective tissue contains elastic fibers and can tolerate cycles of extension and recoil?
Which type of connective tissue contains elastic fibers and can tolerate cycles of extension and recoil?
Which type of connective tissue transports oxygen from the lungs to body cells, brings waste carbon dioxide from cells to the lungs, and regulates body temperature?
Which type of connective tissue transports oxygen from the lungs to body cells, brings waste carbon dioxide from cells to the lungs, and regulates body temperature?
Which type of connective tissue is strong, flexible, avascular, covers the ends of long bones, and connects bones together?
Which type of connective tissue is strong, flexible, avascular, covers the ends of long bones, and connects bones together?
Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for movement within the body and of the body itself?
Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for movement within the body and of the body itself?
Which type of tissue transmits information from one part of the body to another by means of nerve impulses?
Which type of tissue transmits information from one part of the body to another by means of nerve impulses?
Study Notes
Primary Components of Cells
- Essential elements include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
Cell Division
- Post-division, cells undergo growth, specialization, or differentiation, depending on their new roles.
Germ Cells vs. Somatic Cells
- Germ cells are reproductive (sperm and egg), while somatic cells make up the body’s tissues and organs.
Plasma Membrane Functions
- Acts as a selective barrier, regulating the entry and exit of substances, maintaining homeostasis, and facilitating communication via receptors.
Cell Structure
- Three main parts: plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.
Plasma Membrane Functions
- Its not directly involved in cellular respiration or protein synthesis.
Energy-Requiring Transport
- Active transport requires energy (ATP) to move substances against their concentration gradient.
Diffusion
- Molecules move from areas of high concentration to low concentration through passive diffusion.
Osmosis
- The net movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from higher to lower water concentration.
Organelle Functions
- Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum synthesizes fatty acids and steroids.
- Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion.
- Phagocytosis involves engulfing large solid particles like bacteria.
- Lysosomes contain enzymes for digesting cellular waste and matter.
- Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, producing ATP.
- Nucleus acts as the control center for storage and processing genetic information.
- Cytoskeleton maintains cell shape and facilitates movement.
Cytoskeleton Structure
- Composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
Glycolysis
- Breakdown of glucose resulting in two pyruvic acid molecules and a net gain of 2 ATP.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) Function
- Serves as a template for protein synthesis during translation.
Types of Transport
- Passive transport occurs without energy, such as diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
- Active transport needs ATP, such as the Na+-K+ pump, which maintains cell potential.
Endocytosis Methods
- Pinocytosis involves liquid uptake, while phagocytosis involves solid particle engulfment.
Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
- Protein synthesis occurs in ribosomes, responsible for translating mRNA into proteins.
Chromatin
- Primary protein component is histone proteins, aiding in DNA organization.
Centrosome Function
- Functions as a microtubule-organizing center, essential for cell division.
Microvilli Function
- Increase surface area for absorption in epithelial cells.
Peroxisome Function
- Breaks down fatty acids and detoxifies harmful substances.
Na+-K+ Pump Function
- Maintains ion gradients essential for cellular functions.
Transcription and Translation
- Transcription occurs in the nucleus, involving initiation, elongation, and termination by RNA polymerase.
- Translation occurs in the cytoplasm, also with initiation, elongation, and termination stages.
Cell Cycle Phases
- Main phases include interphase (where DNA replication occurs) and mitosis (producing identical daughter cells).
Epithelial Tissue Types
- Epithelium covers body surfaces and forms membrane linings.
- Glandular epithelium secretes substances like mucus.
Connective Tissue Types
- Most abundant tissue is loose connective tissue, which cushions organs.
- Types also include elastic connective tissue (allows recoil) and blood (transports oxygen and nutrients).
Muscle and Nervous Tissue
- Muscle tissue facilitates movement within the body.
- Nervous tissue transmits information through nerve impulses.
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Description
Test your knowledge on passive transport and facilitated diffusion in this quiz! Learn about the substances that cannot diffuse through the lipid bilayer or ion channels and how transport is assisted by carrier proteins. Explore the specific transporters for different substances and understand the process of substance binding and release. Find out why these mechanisms do not require energy.
