Passive Microwave Remote Sensing Quiz

Microwave Radiometry = Measures emitted microwave energy from surfaces Brightness Temperature (TB) = Measurement of radiation from a blackbody Passive Microwave Remote Sensing = Remote sensing technique independent of solar radiation Low Frequency Microwaves = Penetrate clouds and vegetation for measurements

Cloud Penetration = Can be used in any type of weather Soil Moisture Measurement = Ability to partially penetrate vegetation Soil Depth Detection = Information obtained from emitted signatures of soil Vegetation Properties = Derived from signatures affected by vegetation absorption

Weather Measurement = Utilizes microwave sensors for atmospheric data Soil Studies = Focuses on moisture and depth analysis Vegetative Analysis = Properties extracted from the interaction with vegetation General Remote Sensing = Applicable during day and night conditions

<p>Natural Surfaces = Emit microwave energy detectable by sensors Clouds = Microwaves can penetrate them Vegetation = Partially absorbed affecting measurements Soil Surfaces = Signatures provide information about depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emitted Signatures = Contain information about the properties of surfaces Independence from Solar Radiation = Useful for data collection both day and night Penetration Capabilities = Ability to measure through various mediums Detection of Soil Moisture = Important for agricultural and environmental studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Larger field of view = Spatial resolution between 5 to 50 km Emissivity changes = Inconsistency for ground targets within a pixel Discontinuous temporal coverage = Issue for weather observation in equatorial regions Need for in situ measurements = Knowledge required to understand emissivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SSM/I = Spectral Sensor Microwave Imagery AMSR = Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer AMSR2 = Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 TMI = Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emissivity decreases = As volumetric soil moisture increases Brightness temperature curves = Follow the emissivity curve pattern Temperature effect = Has no effect on the moisture curve Volumetric water content = Relates to emissivity changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive system = Relies on external electromagnetic energy Active system = Emits its own electromagnetic radiation Backscatter = Returned portion of the transmitted signal Radar = Measures distance to an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transmitter = Generates pulses of radiation Receiver = Measures returned energy Antenna = Focuses the radiation onto a beam Electronic systems = Controls the radar operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shorter wavelength = Higher resolution capabilities Longer wavelength = Better penetration through the atmosphere Acquisition impact = Effect on signal return quality Resolution trade-off = Resolution varies with wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Volumetric water content = Interaction affecting emissivity Brightness temperature = Correlates with soil moisture Field of view = Defines the coverage area Temporal coverage = Affects frequency of data collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emissivity = Measure of radiation emitted by surfaces Backscatter = Energy returned to the sensor from a target Radiation pulses = Energy transmitted during Ranging Spatial resolution = Detail level of the captured image</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Foreshortening = Appearance of compressed slopes towards RADAR sensor due to side-geometry Layover = Flipping of images due to signals returning from a tall feature before its base Shadowing = Absence of recorded signals in areas where RADAR beams fail to illuminate Surface Roughness = Influence on RADAR backscatter affected by terrain texture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wavelength = RADAR system parameter influencing signal behavior Depression Angle = RADAR parameter affecting incidence angle and backscatter Moisture Content = Terrain parameter impacting backscatter strength Look Direction = Influence affecting the perspective of RADAR imagery</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Foreshortening = Compression effect with no signal overlap Layover = Results in overturned images due to signal timing Shadowing = Causes data gaps in RADAR imagery Backscatter = Resulting measurement influenced by surface orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incident Angle = Affects the brightness of backscatter Polarization = Influences the response of different surface types Surface Orientation = Determines how light reflects back to the sensor Ascending Pass = Different imagery outcome compared to descending pass</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Foreshortening = Affects slopes appearing shorter than they are Layover = Causes overlap of signals from different heights Shadowing = Results in visible dark areas in imagery Topographical Relief = Acts as a factor in the presence of geometric distortions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surface Roughness = Influences RADAR signal scattering Moisture Content = Can enhance soil backscatter characteristics Look Direction = Can alter perceived surface features Geometry Distortions = Caused by variations in terrain elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Larger Incidence Angles = Backscatter appears darker Smaller Incidence Angles = Backscatter appears brighter Zero Incidence Angle = Backscatter typically at its highest Acute Angles = May cause non-linear backscatter effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Foreshortening = Compression without overlaps Layover = Flipping of tall features Shadowing = Data absence in illuminated areas Surface Orientation = Influencing overall image brightness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Roughness = Smooth surfaces reflect energy away from the sensor Relative Permittivity = Ability of molecules to become polarized in an electric field Scattering Mechanisms = Different processes affecting how RADAR signals reflect off surfaces Surface Scattering = Associated with flat surfaces like highways</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surface Scattering = Occurs on flat surfaces without double bounce Double Bounce Scattering = Involves angular reflections from urban buildings Volume Scattering = Associated with materials like snow Specular Reflection = Smooth surfaces acting as reflectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase in permittivity = Decrease in penetration of microwave energy Decrease in permittivity = Increase in penetration of microwave energy Moisture presence = Increases permittivity Moisture absence = Decreases permittivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smooth Surfaces = Act as specular reflectors Rough Surfaces = Act as diffuse reflectors Highways = Experience surface scattering Urban Buildings = Exhibit double bounce scattering</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shorter wavelengths = Increased sensitivity to surface features Longer wavelengths = Decreased sensitivity to surface roughness Medium wavelengths = Balanced sensitivity for various observations Ultra-short wavelengths = Highly sensitive to moisture content</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Foreshortening = Results in distortion or overlapping areas Layover = Causes dark areas to appear on RADAR images Incidence Angle = Influences the smoothness perception of a surface Complex Permittivity = Describes a medium's ability to reflect and absorb energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active Microwave Platforms = Systems that emit microwave signals for sensing Microwave Spectrum = Range of wavelengths used in RADAR technology Signal Penetration = Interaction of RADAR signals with different materials Energy Reflection = Process of RADAR signals bouncing off surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urban Areas = Exhibit double bounce scattering Flat Highways = Experience surface scattering Snowy Terrain = Conducts volume scattering due to low permittivity Wet Surfaces = Increased permittivity affecting penetration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulse Emission = LiDAR Signal Reflection = GNSS-R RADAR altimeters = Altimetry Machine Learning = Data analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sea Level Height = Altimetry Precision Agriculture = Drones Ocean Surface Monitoring = GNSS-R Topographic Mapping = LiDAR</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measuring tree heights = LiDAR Soil Moisture Estimation = GNSS-R 3D Models of city = LiDAR Monitoring Ice Sheets = GNSS-R</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Support Vector Machine = Classification tasks Random Forest = Predictive modeling Linear Regression = Continuous outcome prediction Decision Trees = Data visualization</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delay-Doppler Maps = Info from reflected GNSS signals Point Cloud Generation = 3D structure representation High Resolution = Detail level in data Waveform Data = Power response over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flexibility = Monitoring options Ease of use = User-friendly control High Quality Resolution = Detail in images Sensor flexibility = Variety in applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Time Measurement = Records pulse return time Bistatic Radar = Uses satellite signals Distance Calculation = Involves speed of light Waveform Analysis = Analyzes power in response to time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LiDAR = 3D scanning GNSS-R = Surface analysis Drones = Aerial monitoring Machine Learning = Automated data processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RADARSAT Constellation = European Alps TerraSAR-X = Fire Disturbance Sentinel-1 = European Alps</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High Spatial Resolution = Collects data in many narrow wavelengths Contiguous Bands = Covers a large area of the EMS with no gaps Data Cube = Illustrated as a 3D cube with 2 spatial and 1 spectral dimension Spectral Signature = Unique light absorption, reflection, and emission properties of materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental Monitoring = Tracking changes in ecosystems Mineral Exploration = Identifying mineral deposits Agriculture and Forestry = Evaluating crop health Urban Planning = Analyzing land use patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LiDAR = Light Detection and Ranging Hyperspectral Remote Sensing = Continuous spectral bands Multispectral Remote Sensing = Discrete bands for imagery Synthetic Aperture Radar = Active remote sensing method</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spectral Fingerprints = Unique ways materials interact with light Detailed Analysis = Precise identification of materials Data Cube = Representation of data in three dimensions High Spatial Resolution = Ability to notice small details</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental Monitoring = Assessing impact of climate change Urban Planning = Infrastructure development Mineral Exploration = Exploring mineral resources Agriculture and Forestry = Monitoring soil and plant health</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperspectral remote sensing = Uses continuous bands Multispectral remote sensing = Utilizes discrete bands LiDAR = Measures distances using laser lights RADAR = Active remote sensing technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active Remote Sensing = Gets energy from a laser light source 3D Representations = Creates detailed models of terrain Distance Measurement = Calculates distances to objects Surface Analysis = Examines Earth's features in detail</p> Signup and view all the answers