Passive Components in Electronics
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of passive components?

  • They can amplify voltage. (correct)
  • They include resistors and capacitors.
  • They have no capacity to rectify supply.
  • They are essential in circuit assembly.

    • What is one primary function of resistors in electronic circuits?

  • To increase voltage
  • To store energy
  • To rectify alternating current
  • To limit current (correct)

    • In circuit applications, how do resistors contribute to LED functionality?

  • They produce sound frequency.
  • They control current flow. (correct)
  • They enhance brightness.
  • They provide insulation.

    • What function do voltage dividers serve in a circuit?

    <p>They reduce and divide voltage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an application of resistors?

    <p>Signal amplification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the term 'current' in electrical circuits?

    <p>The rate of flow of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes resistors in terms of their electrical properties?

    <p>They are passive two-terminal electrical devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function align with the use of variable resistors in circuits?

    <p>To change the resistance value manually.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a rheostat?

    <p>To manually control the flow of electric current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes how a trimmer resistor operates?

    <p>It uses a wiper to select an intermediate voltage in potentiometer mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes non-linear resistors from linear resistors?

    <p>Their resistance changes with variations in voltage or temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a thermistor?

    <p>To detect temperature changes and adjust resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do photo resistors (LDRs) respond to light?

    <p>Their resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does capacitance refer to in a capacitor?

    <p>The capacity to store charge in the form of electric energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a capacitor is connected to a battery?

    <p>An electric field is created between the plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about resistors is true?

    <p>Resistors dissipate energy as heat due to resistivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two basic types of linear resistors?

    <p>Fixed resistors and variable resistors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fixed resistor is typically used in high power applications?

    <p>Wire wound resistors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a carbon film resistor?

    <p>To limit electric current flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes a potentiometer?

    <p>A three-terminal adjustable voltage divider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about variable resistors?

    <p>They consist of a slider and a fixed element.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material is primarily used in a carbon film resistor?

    <p>Carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a fixed resistor?

    <p>Resistor with a specific, unchanging value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes wire wound resistors?

    <p>Constructed from conductive wire wound around a core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the resistor in a simple LED circuit?

    <p>To regulate the current and voltage to the LED</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the forward bias condition, how do electrons move within an LED?

    <p>From n-type material to p-type material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon describes the light emission from an LED?

    <p>Electroluminescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the light intensity as the forward voltage applied to an LED increases?

    <p>It increases and then levels off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the forbidden energy gap?

    <p>The energy difference between the valence and conduction bands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In standard diodes, the energy released during electron recombination is primarily in the form of what?

    <p>Heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the light emission in an LED during the recombination process?

    <p>Energy release during electrons moving from n-type to p-type material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the valence band in relation to an atom in a material?

    <p>The outermost electron orbital occupied by electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the depletion region when a diode is under reverse bias conditions?

    <p>The width of the potential barrier increases, impeding majority carriers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes forward bias in a diode?

    <p>It decreases the circuit resistance, allowing increased current flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do LEDs emit light?

    <p>Through recombination of electrons with holes when current flows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) allows them to emit light of different colors?

    <p>The semiconductor material used and the level of doping.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In reverse bias, what effect does connecting the anode of a diode to the negative terminal have?

    <p>It attracts holes away from the junction, widening the potential barrier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the region known as the depletion region in a pn junction?

    <p>The area where majority carriers have recombined with minority carriers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between depletion layers in forward bias and reverse bias conditions?

    <p>The depletion layer is thinner in forward bias compared to reverse bias.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does reverse bias affect the flow of current in a diode?

    <p>It impedes the flow of majority carriers, limiting current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Passive Components

    • Passive components have inactive functions and do not amplify voltage or rectify supply.
    • They are essential for building electronic circuits.
    • Common passive components include resistors, capacitors, inductors, transformers, diodes, thermistors, varactors, and transducers.

    Resistors

    • Resistors control current flow by offering resistance, opposing electric current movement.
    • Used to limit current, divide voltage, and set biasing conditions in circuits.
    • They are two-terminal devices that are color-coded for identification.

    Applications of Resistors

    • Vital for circuit functions, allowing current flow.
    • Serve as voltage dividers, heating elements, variable resistors, and in timing applications.
    • Regulate operations in devices like LEDs and transistors.

    Functions in Circuits

    • Resistors manage circuit tasks such as motor speed control and amplifier volume adjustment.
    • They help in reducing current flow, regulating signal levels, and dividing voltages.

    Types of Resistors

    • Linear Resistors: Their resistance changes with temperature and voltage. Divided into:

      • Fixed Resistors: Have a specific resistance value, used to set correct circuit conditions.
      • Variable Resistors: Resistance can be adjusted.

    • Fixed Resistor Types:

      • Wire Wound Resistors: Made from conductive wire wound around a non-conductive core; used in high power applications.
      • Carbon Film Resistors: Use a carbon film for current limitation; generally fixed value.

    Variable Resistors

    • Include a sliding contact tapping onto a fixed resistor.
    • Types include:
      • Potentiometer: A three-terminal adjustable voltage divider.
      • Rheostat: Manually controls current flow by adjusting resistance.
      • Trimmer Resistor: Mechanically adjustable for fine-tuning resistance.

    Non-Linear Resistors

    • Respond differently based on voltage or temperature changes.
    • Include:
      • Thermistors: Respond to temperature variations.
      • Photo Resistor (LDR): Resistance decreases with increased light intensity.

    Capacitors

    • Two-terminal devices that store energy as electric charge.
    • Consist of two conductors separated by a dielectric material, exhibiting capacitance.
    • Charge accumulation occurs creating an electric field across plates.

    Diodes

    • Allow current to flow in one direction, crucial for rectification.
    • Function under two conditions:
      • Forward Bias: Reduced potential barrier, allowing current flow.
      • Reverse Bias: Increases potential barrier, blocking current.

    Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)

    • Semiconductor devices emitting light when current flows through them.
    • Electrons recombine with holes in the p-n junction, releasing energy as light.
    • Doped heavily to produce colored light based on material and doping levels.

    Electroluminescence

    • The process through which LEDs emit light due to electric current.
    • Light intensity increases with the forward voltage.

    Energy Concepts

    • Valence Band: The outermost electron orbital, occupied by electrons.
    • Conduction Band: Higher energy orbitals allowing free movement of electrons, creating current.
    • Forbidden Energy Gap: The energy difference between conduction and valence bands, where no electrons exist.

    Summary of Bias Conditions

    • In forward bias, current flows from positive to negative terminal; electron movement is opposite.
    • In reverse bias, electron and hole movement prevents current flow, widening the potential barrier.

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    Electronics UNIT 1 PDF

    Description

    This quiz focuses on passive components used in electronic circuits, such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Understanding these components is crucial, as they do not amplify voltage or rectify supply, yet are essential for circuit assembly. Test your knowledge of these components and their functions.

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