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Questions and Answers
What primary route does canine parvovirus take to infect a dog?
What primary route does canine parvovirus take to infect a dog?
What supportive treatment is primarily given for canine parvoviral enteritis?
What supportive treatment is primarily given for canine parvoviral enteritis?
Which of the following is NOT listed as a treatment for canine parvovirus?
Which of the following is NOT listed as a treatment for canine parvovirus?
What does the acronym SMEDI stand for in the context of porcine parvovirus?
What does the acronym SMEDI stand for in the context of porcine parvovirus?
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What challenge does the high stability of the virus pose for disinfecting contaminated environments?
What challenge does the high stability of the virus pose for disinfecting contaminated environments?
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At what age is vaccination against canine parvovirus generally recommended to begin?
At what age is vaccination against canine parvovirus generally recommended to begin?
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Which of the following statements about maternal antibodies is correct?
Which of the following statements about maternal antibodies is correct?
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Which type of parvovirus is primarily responsible for reproductive issues in swine?
Which type of parvovirus is primarily responsible for reproductive issues in swine?
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What is the primary impact of canine parvovirus on the affected dog's body?
What is the primary impact of canine parvovirus on the affected dog's body?
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What is a potential consequence of canine parvovirus infection that requires immediate attention?
What is a potential consequence of canine parvovirus infection that requires immediate attention?
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What is the primary characteristic of parvoviruses regarding their structure?
What is the primary characteristic of parvoviruses regarding their structure?
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Which viral genus belongs to the Parvoviridae family and is known for infecting vertebrates?
Which viral genus belongs to the Parvoviridae family and is known for infecting vertebrates?
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What is the size of the parvovirus genome?
What is the size of the parvovirus genome?
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Which disease was found to be caused by human parvovirus B19 in the early 1980s?
Which disease was found to be caused by human parvovirus B19 in the early 1980s?
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What type of environment can parvoviruses withstand according to their stability characteristics?
What type of environment can parvoviruses withstand according to their stability characteristics?
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Canine parvovirus is most notably associated with which of the following conditions?
Canine parvovirus is most notably associated with which of the following conditions?
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Where does viral replication occur in parvoviruses?
Where does viral replication occur in parvoviruses?
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Which phase of the cell cycle do parvoviruses require for replication?
Which phase of the cell cycle do parvoviruses require for replication?
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Which protein is primarily attributed to the properties of host species and tissue tropism in parvoviruses?
Which protein is primarily attributed to the properties of host species and tissue tropism in parvoviruses?
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Which subtype of parvovirus requires co-infection with an unrelated virus to produce infections?
Which subtype of parvovirus requires co-infection with an unrelated virus to produce infections?
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Which of the following cells is most affected by Feline Panleukopenia Virus (FPV)?
Which of the following cells is most affected by Feline Panleukopenia Virus (FPV)?
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What is a common outcome of parvovirus infection in pregnant animals?
What is a common outcome of parvovirus infection in pregnant animals?
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In which decade was the canine parvovirus first observed?
In which decade was the canine parvovirus first observed?
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What is a common environmental stability characteristic of parvoviruses?
What is a common environmental stability characteristic of parvoviruses?
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Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by parvoviruses?
Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by parvoviruses?
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What defines the pathogenesis of parvovirus infections?
What defines the pathogenesis of parvovirus infections?
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What is the main reason Feline Panleukopenia Virus does not affect dogs?
What is the main reason Feline Panleukopenia Virus does not affect dogs?
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Which disease is caused by Canine Parvovirus?
Which disease is caused by Canine Parvovirus?
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What is the entry mechanism for parvoviruses into host cells?
What is the entry mechanism for parvoviruses into host cells?
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Which organism is NOT affected by Feline Panleukopenia Virus?
Which organism is NOT affected by Feline Panleukopenia Virus?
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Study Notes
Parvoviridae Overview
- Parvoviruses are small, naked DNA viruses
- Affect various animals, including cats, dogs, mink, and humans
- Cause various diseases, including enteritis, panleukopenia, and myocarditis
Historical Discoveries
- Early 1900s: Enteritis, panleukopenia, and cerebellar ataxia epidemics in cats
- 1940s and 1960s: Similar syndromes in mink
- 1960s: Identified as a family of small naked DNA viruses
- 1965: Recognition of parvovirus as a separate virus
- 1970s: New syndromes like viral enteritis and myocarditis in dogs
- Early 1980s: Identified human parvovirus (B19) causing diseases like transient aplastic anemia
Classification
-
Parvoviridae family
- Subfamily Parvovirinae
- Parvovirus genus: minute virus of mice, canine parvovirus, porcine parvovirus, feline parvovirus, mink enteritis virus, duck parvovirus, bovine parvovirus
- Dependovirus genus: adeno-associated virus (AAV), human & simian parvovirus
- Subfamily Erythrovirus
- Erythrovirus genus: human parvovirus (B19)
- Subfamily Parvovirinae
Virus Characteristics
- Non-enveloped, icosahedral structure
- Stable in environmental conditions (60°C for 60 minutes, pH 3-9)
- 25 nm diameter
- Requires dividing host cells to replicate (S phase)
- Uses receptor-mediated endocytosis for entry
Viral Genome and Proteins
- Linear, single-stranded DNA genome, 5.2 kbps
- Non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2)
- Structural proteins (VP1, VP2, VP3)
- VP2 is important for host specificity, tropism, and receptor binding.
Diseases Caused by Parvoviruses
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Feline panleukopenia: Generalized neonatal disease, cerebellar disease, and hypoplasia in cats
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Canine parvovirus: Generalized neonatal disease, enteritis, myocarditis, and leukopenia in dogs
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Porcine parvovirus: Reproductive failure syndrome in swine (SMEDI)
Canine Parvovirus
- Emerged in the 1970s
- Highly contagious virus
- Damages intestines
- Cause diarrhea, dehydration and can be fatal
Porcine Parvovirus
- Major cause of reproductive failure in swine
- Symptoms include stillbirths, mummified fetuses, early embryonic death, and infertility
- Worldwide occurrence with variable prevalence rates
Viral Replication
- Occurs in the nucleus
- Needs dividing host cell
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of Parvoviridae, a family of small, naked DNA viruses that affect a variety of animal species, including cats and dogs. This quiz covers their historical discoveries, diseases caused, and classification within the viral taxonomy. Test your knowledge on the significant milestones in understanding these viruses.