Parvoviridae Overview and History

The family of viruses responsible for diseases like canine parvovirus, feline panleukopenia, and mink enteritis.

A small, non-enveloped virus with a 25 nm diameter, known for its stability in various environmental conditions.

The genetic material of Parvoviruses, composed of single-stranded DNA.

Proteins produced by the Parvovirus, categorized as either structural or non-structural.

A type of parvovirus that infects humans and primates, causing diseases like transient aplastic anemia.

A type of parvovirus that requires the presence of a helper virus, like an adenovirus, to replicate.

A protein produced by Parvovirus, responsible for determining the host species and tissue tropism, receptor binding, and antigenic properties.

The process where a virus penetrates its host's cells and starts to replicate.

The ability of a virus to infect specific types of cells or tissues within a host.

The property of a virus that determines its ability to infect certain species.

Clinical signs, hematological exam, and pathology findings can suggest parvovirus infection, but further testing is needed for confirmation.

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) causes severe intestinal damage leading to diarrhea and dehydration in dogs.

Parvovirus enters through the mouth and nose, spreads to the lymph nodes, then to the bloodstream, eventually affecting the intestines, bone marrow, and heart.

Parvoviral enteritis has no cure. Treatment focuses on managing dehydration, infection, and vomiting.

Intravenous fluids, electrolytes, plasma transfusions, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and anti-emetics are used to treat parvovirus.

Vaccination against parvovirus is essential for protecting dogs. Multiple doses are recommended for full immunity.

Porcine parvovirus causes a reproductive failure syndrome in pigs, resulting in stillbirths, mummified fetuses, early embryonic death, and infertility.

The symptoms of porcine parvovirus are grouped under the acronym SMEDI, representing stillbirths, mummified fetuses, early embryonic death, and infertility.

High levels of virus shedding in feces make disinfection difficult. Vaccination, both live and killed, can help control the spread of porvovirus.

Maternal antibodies can interfere with vaccination effectiveness, requiring a specific vaccination schedule.

Parvoviruses are a group of viruses that require dividing cells for their replication, affecting various tissues and leading to specific disease symptoms. They can infect both animals and humans, leading to a range of diseases like feline distemper, canine parvovirus, and erythrocyte aplasia.

Parvoviruses, like feline panleukopenia virus, infect and destroy actively dividing cells in different tissues, leading to specific disease symptoms. These symptoms vary depending on the affected tissue, and in kittens, infection can occur in the cerebellum, causing cerebellar hypoplasia and neurological problems.

Parvovirus replication occurs inside the nucleus of the host cell. It requires dividing cells, as its replication process relies on the host cell's DNA replication.

Parvoviruses enter the host cell through a process called receptor-mediated endocytosis. This involves the virus binding to specific receptors on the cell's surface and then being taken inside the cell in a vesicle.

Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) affects cats and related animals. It causes a variety of symptoms like fever, low white blood cell count (leukopenia), diarrhea, and potentially even death.

Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) has a very similar DNA sequence to canine parvovirus, but they affect different hosts. FPV infects cats, raccoons, and minks, while canine parvovirus affects dogs. Despite the similarities, they do not cause disease in each other's hosts.

Canine parvovirus causes a range of diseases in dogs, including neonatal disease, enteritis (inflammation of the intestines), myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle), and leukopenia (low white blood cell count).

Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a virus that affects pigs. It is known for causing a syndrome called SMEDI (Stillbirth, Mummification, Embryonic death, and Infertility).

The genetic sequences within the capsid of the parvovirus determine which hosts it can infect and the severity of the resulting disease. This is known as host range and pathogenicity.

Infections with parvoviruses often target specific cell types or tissues, leading to various disease manifestations. For example, infection of the heart in puppies can lead to myocarditis, while infection of the cerebellum in kittens can cause cerebellar hypoplasia.