Parvoviridae Overview and History
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Questions and Answers

What primary route does canine parvovirus take to infect a dog?

  • Oral ingestion
  • Oronasal route (correct)
  • Direct contact with infected surfaces
  • Inhalation of airborne particles
  • What supportive treatment is primarily given for canine parvoviral enteritis?

  • Intravenous fluids (correct)
  • Vaccine administration
  • Surgical intervention
  • Oral hydration therapy
  • Which of the following is NOT listed as a treatment for canine parvovirus?

  • Antibiotics
  • Antiemetics
  • Plasma transfusions
  • Antiviral medication (correct)
  • What does the acronym SMEDI stand for in the context of porcine parvovirus?

    <p>Stillbirths, Mummified fetuses, Early embryonic death, Infertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge does the high stability of the virus pose for disinfecting contaminated environments?

    <p>It complicates disinfection efforts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age is vaccination against canine parvovirus generally recommended to begin?

    <p>6-8 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about maternal antibodies is correct?

    <p>They interfere with vaccination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of parvovirus is primarily responsible for reproductive issues in swine?

    <p>Porcine parvovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of canine parvovirus on the affected dog's body?

    <p>Severe diarrhea and dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of canine parvovirus infection that requires immediate attention?

    <p>Septicemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of parvoviruses regarding their structure?

    <p>Non-enveloped and icosahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which viral genus belongs to the Parvoviridae family and is known for infecting vertebrates?

    <p>Parvovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the parvovirus genome?

    <p>5.2 kbp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease was found to be caused by human parvovirus B19 in the early 1980s?

    <p>Transient aplastic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of environment can parvoviruses withstand according to their stability characteristics?

    <p>60C for 60 minutes at pH 3-9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Canine parvovirus is most notably associated with which of the following conditions?

    <p>Viral enteritis and myocarditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does viral replication occur in parvoviruses?

    <p>In the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle do parvoviruses require for replication?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is primarily attributed to the properties of host species and tissue tropism in parvoviruses?

    <p>VP2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subtype of parvovirus requires co-infection with an unrelated virus to produce infections?

    <p>Dependovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cells is most affected by Feline Panleukopenia Virus (FPV)?

    <p>Epithelial cells of the intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome of parvovirus infection in pregnant animals?

    <p>Transplacental transmission leading to mummification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which decade was the canine parvovirus first observed?

    <p>1970s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common environmental stability characteristic of parvoviruses?

    <p>Extremely stable and heat resistant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by parvoviruses?

    <p>Rabies in dogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the pathogenesis of parvovirus infections?

    <p>Specific target cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason Feline Panleukopenia Virus does not affect dogs?

    <p>Dogs are not hosts for this virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is caused by Canine Parvovirus?

    <p>Enteritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the entry mechanism for parvoviruses into host cells?

    <p>Receptor-mediated endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is NOT affected by Feline Panleukopenia Virus?

    <p>Dogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Parvoviridae Overview

    • Parvoviruses are small, naked DNA viruses
    • Affect various animals, including cats, dogs, mink, and humans
    • Cause various diseases, including enteritis, panleukopenia, and myocarditis

    Historical Discoveries

    • Early 1900s: Enteritis, panleukopenia, and cerebellar ataxia epidemics in cats
    • 1940s and 1960s: Similar syndromes in mink
    • 1960s: Identified as a family of small naked DNA viruses
    • 1965: Recognition of parvovirus as a separate virus
    • 1970s: New syndromes like viral enteritis and myocarditis in dogs
    • Early 1980s: Identified human parvovirus (B19) causing diseases like transient aplastic anemia

    Classification

    • Parvoviridae family
      • Subfamily Parvovirinae
        • Parvovirus genus: minute virus of mice, canine parvovirus, porcine parvovirus, feline parvovirus, mink enteritis virus, duck parvovirus, bovine parvovirus
        • Dependovirus genus: adeno-associated virus (AAV), human & simian parvovirus
      • Subfamily Erythrovirus
        • Erythrovirus genus: human parvovirus (B19)

    Virus Characteristics

    • Non-enveloped, icosahedral structure
    • Stable in environmental conditions (60°C for 60 minutes, pH 3-9)
    • 25 nm diameter
    • Requires dividing host cells to replicate (S phase)
    • Uses receptor-mediated endocytosis for entry

    Viral Genome and Proteins

    • Linear, single-stranded DNA genome, 5.2 kbps
    • Non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2)
    • Structural proteins (VP1, VP2, VP3)
    • VP2 is important for host specificity, tropism, and receptor binding.

    Diseases Caused by Parvoviruses

    • Feline panleukopenia: Generalized neonatal disease, cerebellar disease, and hypoplasia in cats

    • Canine parvovirus: Generalized neonatal disease, enteritis, myocarditis, and leukopenia in dogs

    • Porcine parvovirus: Reproductive failure syndrome in swine (SMEDI)

    Canine Parvovirus

    • Emerged in the 1970s
    • Highly contagious virus
    • Damages intestines
    • Cause diarrhea, dehydration and can be fatal

    Porcine Parvovirus

    • Major cause of reproductive failure in swine
    • Symptoms include stillbirths, mummified fetuses, early embryonic death, and infertility
    • Worldwide occurrence with variable prevalence rates

    Viral Replication

    • Occurs in the nucleus
    • Needs dividing host cell

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    Parvoviridae PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of Parvoviridae, a family of small, naked DNA viruses that affect a variety of animal species, including cats and dogs. This quiz covers their historical discoveries, diseases caused, and classification within the viral taxonomy. Test your knowledge on the significant milestones in understanding these viruses.

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