18 Questions
What are the four commonly used size-reduction machines?
Compression, Impact, Attrition, Cutting
What method of size reduction is typically used for coarse reduction of hard solids, giving relatively few fines?
Compression
Which method of size reduction yields very fine products from soft, nonabrasive materials?
Attrition
In size reduction, which method gives a definite particle size and sometimes a definite shape, with few or no fines?
Cutting
What is the generic term for size reduction, encompassing crushers and grinders?
Comminution
What is the objective of crushing and grinding in size reduction processes?
To produce small particles from larger ones
What are some of the techniques used for micronization of liquid particles?
Microfluidization, high-pressure homogenization, ultrasonic homogenization
Name some of the methods used for micronization of solid particles.
Jet mill, ball mill, colloidal mill, hammer mill, tribomechanical micronizer
What are some products processed by micron technologies for improved taste and flavor?
Drugs, capsules, table salt, milk powders, compacted cube
In which industries are micron technologies commonly employed?
Pharmaceutical and food industries
How does Microfluidization work in particle size reduction?
Particle collision and cavitation due to the introduction of jet streams at high pressure
What is one benefit of using homogenizers in particle size reduction?
Averts agglomeration of particles resulting in longer shelf life of products
Why is size reduction important in the pharmaceutical industry?
To grind medicines into powder form, achieving smoother and more homogenous products.
How does the chemical manufacturing industry use size reduction?
To manipulate the properties of raw materials by grinding, crushing, or pulverizing them to achieve the desired particle size.
What is the relationship between particle size and product quality in both pharmaceutical and chemical manufacturing industries?
Smaller and more uniform particle size leads to smoother and more homogenous products.
Why is the history of size reduction considered to extend across centuries?
The narrative of size reduction chronicles the evolution of methods to decrease material dimensions over time.
How has the concept of size reduction expanded beyond the pharmaceutical industry?
It has applications in different fields like nanotechnology, including micro- and nano suspensions.
What role does size reduction play in transforming raw materials in the chemical manufacturing industry?
Size reduction is used to grind, crush, or pulverize raw materials to achieve the desired particle size.
Study Notes
Size Reduction in Industries
- The pharmaceutical industry uses size-reduction equipment to grind medicines into powder form, and the concept has applications in fields like nanotechnology.
- Chemical manufacturing uses size reduction to manipulate raw materials, making them safer and more efficiently produced.
- Smaller and more uniform particle size leads to smoother and more homogeneous products, beneficial for aesthetic and practical purposes.
Brief History of Size Reduction
- Size reduction has been used for centuries to decrease material dimensions to meet diverse industry demands.
- Particle size reduction increases reactivity, permits separation of unwanted ingredients, and reduces bulk for easier handling and waste disposal.
Methods of Size Reduction
- There are four common methods: compression, impact, attrition, and cutting.
- Compression is used for coarse reduction of hard solids, producing few fines.
- Impact gives coarse, medium, or fine products.
- Attrition yields very fine products from soft, non-abrasive materials.
- Cutting gives a definite particle size and sometimes a definite shape, with few or no fines.
Comminution and Crushing
- Comminution is a generic term for size reduction, and crushers and grinders are types of comminuting equipment.
- The objective of crushing and grinding is to produce small particles from larger ones.
- Smaller particles are desired for their large surface area or specific shape, size, and number.
Recent Developments in Size Reduction
- Micron technologies involve size reduction of liquid and solid particles using techniques like microfluidization, high-pressure homogenization, and ultrasonic homogenization.
- Micronization is commonly employed in pharmaceutical and food industries for improved taste, flavor, and release of encapsulated components.
- Homogenizers, like microfluidizers, reduce particle size through particle collision and cavitation, producing products with longer shelf life.
Test your knowledge on the process of reducing particle size in various materials, its benefits, and applications in industry. Learn about how size reduction impacts reactivity, separation of ingredients, and waste disposal.
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